The Effects of Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin) on Dietary Preference of White Leghorn Hens ,

Abstract

In two experiments, a total of 108 laying hens were given two-choice preference tests involving diets containing 4-deoxynivalenol (DON) and control diets that contained little (.2 mg DON/kg) or no DON. The DON was from naturally contaminated white winter (.35 and .70 mg/kg; Experiment 1) or spring wheat (1.4 and 4.5 mg/kg) and purified DON (1.4 mg/kg; Experiment 2). Testing lasted 14 to 16 days for each hen, with the position of the separate feed containers that held the control or DON diet being altered daily. The birds showed large individual differences in diet selection. The majority of the hens consumed more (P<.05) of the control diet, but a few consistently preferred the DON-containing diets. In addition, some birds showed a consistent preference for the position of the feed container, usually for the diet presented on the right side of their cage front. On average, the hens ate less of the DON diets, but their intakes varied depending on the level of contamination (.35 vs. 4.5 mg/kg) and source of DON. A diet containing purified DON was rejected more strongly than one containing a similar level (1.4 mg/kg) of naturally occurring DON. Based on daily intake of the control and DON diets from each feed container in Experiment 2, the individual hens were categorized into those that preferred the control diets, the DON diets, the position of the feed container, and those that showed no clear preference. In a third experiment, these hens were given the control or DON-containing (4.5 mg/kg) diet only for a 4-day period. Previous preference for control or DON diet had little influence on daily diet intake when the birds were given the diets in separate weeks (Experiment 3), but the birds preferring DON consumed significantly more of the DON diet. In all experiments, egg production and changes in body weight were similar among the diet pairs. The results of these experiments indicate that the effects of DON on dietary intake were probably due to influences on palatability or olfactory responses and were not likely due to anorexic effects. (

Effect of intraperitoneal infusion of deoxynivalenol on feed consumption and weight gain in the pig

“…Eckel et al [1993] reported that low doses of DON mixed in the diet can alter palatability of pelleted feed to rats, resulting in an immediate, but transient decrease in feed intake and increase in rejection of the adulterated pellets. Also, because Hamilton et al [1985Hamilton et al [ , 1986 found that a small proportions of laying hens actually preferred a DONcontaminated diet over a control clean feed, this further suggested that taste may play a role in feed acceptance. Conversely, though, Clark et al [1987] indicated that DON probably does not alter dietary taste at levels lower than 8 ppm fed to rats.…”

Mitigation Effects of Bentonite and Yeast Cell Wall Binders on AFB1, DON, and OTA Induced Changes in Laying Hen Performance, Egg Quality, and Health

“…The four groups received either a basal diet (BD, Table 5 ; Control), BD supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg AFB 1 + 1.5 mg/kg DON + 0.12 mg/kg OTA (Toxins), BD + Toxins with 0.29% TOXO HP (Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; Toxins + HP), or a BD + Toxins with 0.1% TOXO XL (Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; Toxins + XL). The doses were chosen on the basis of previous reports that showed that dietary consumption of 0.05–0.6 mg/kg AFB 1 , 0.35–4.5 mg/kg DON, or 0.16–0.33 mg/kg OTA alone can induce negative effects in laying hens [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. The AFB 1 , DON and OTA were produced by Aspergillus flavus NRRL-3357, Fusarium graminearum W3008, and Aspergillus ochraceus AS3.3876, respectively, and mixed into the feeds, as described in previous studies [ 41 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Effects of deoxynivalenol and degradation enzyme on growth performance and immune responses in mule ducks

“…However, tendency of feed intake decreased were observed as effect of DON supplementing. It is known that poultry are much less sensitive than pigs to DON, since levels as high as 8 ppm in feeds had not been associated with impaired productivity (Hamilton, 1986). Rapidly growing broilers are generally more sensitive than laying hens to feed refusal (Huff et al, 1986).…”