The effects of devaluation and solvability on crime clearance

Vaughn, Paige

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101657

Cited by 23 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…We also included legal offense category (homicide, forcible sexual offense, robbery, or aggravated assault), as incident type will affect investigative effort and the ability or willingness of victims and witnesses to cooperate. Victim demographics and the incident's situational characteristics are also important predictors of clearance outcomes (e.g., Litwin, 2004; LoFaso, 2020; Lundman & Myers, 2012; Puckett & Lundman, 2003; Riedel, 2008; Roberts, 2007; Vaughn, 2020). 13 The victim‐devaluing perspective posits that police investigative effort varies by the victim's social position, here race, gender, and age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the extent that police violence against Black people hinders citizen engagement with police and threatens Black residents’ cooperation with crime investigations, it would be expected to reduce clearance of crime incidents involving Black victims and Black associates. In the United States, Black homicide victims’ cases are, descriptively, much less likely to be cleared than those of their White counterparts (Roberts & Lyons, 2011), although multivariate analyses that control for other incident characteristics have reported mixed results on the Black–White difference (e.g., Petersen, 2017; Roberts & Lyons, 2011; Vaughn, 2020). In any case, with American clearance rates already disturbingly low (Roberts, 2008), all potential barriers to crime clearance are of great concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clearing crimes in the aftermath of police lethal violence

Roberts

2022

Criminology & Public Policy

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Research summary Police use of violence may threaten police agencies’ effectiveness by reinforcing residents’ legal cynicism and disengagement from police. We examined police lethal violence against Black people and its relationship with clearance by arrest in a sample of Black victims’ crime incidents in over 350 jurisdictions in 2015, via Mapping Police Violence and the National Incident‐Based Reporting System (NIBRS). We calculated each crime incident's unique time‐varying exposure to police lethal violence, with an accompanying agency‐level measure that averaged this incident‐level measure. Under our original measures, multilevel survival analysis showed a statistically significant association with clearance for the agency‐level average exposure measure, but not for the time‐varying incident‐level exposure measure. Subsequent exploratory analyses suggested a possibly shorter‐lived relationship with incident‐level police lethal violence exposure, which should be investigated in future research. Policy implications Agency‐level findings encourage the adoption of reforms in policing practices and organizational characteristics that could enhance police legitimacy and citizen cooperation and promote perceptions of procedural justice in the Black community. Exploratory indications of a shorter‐lived relationship between police lethal violence and clearance will, if supported in further research, call for agencies to think carefully about adjusting detective work and resource allocations during the critical period following a police lethal violence event. A negative relationship between clearance rates and police lethal violence suggests a mutual interest of police agencies and activists in the reduction of police lethal violence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clearing crimes in the aftermath of police lethal violence

Roberts

2022

Criminology & Public Policy

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“…In addition to recognizing the possibility of attempted complicity, the German legislator formulated a rule on the voluntary refusal of attempted complicity. The law has identified three categories of persons who can be recognized as voluntarily renouncing attempted complicity (Vaughn, 2020). However, the law establishes the punishment of a person for an unfinished crime, if the person has not made voluntary and persistent efforts to prevent the crime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institution of Complicity in a Crime: Comparative-Legal Interpretation

2021

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The objective of the study was to identify the design patterns and distinctive features of the institution of complicity in a crime in certain criminal laws. The methodology was based on the use of legislative interpretation operations and techniques such as the hermeneutics of criminal texts, which allows to identify the structural, constructive, and substantive features of the rules on complicity in a crime. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the textological approach of the criminal-legal regulations of the institution of complicity. This approach allows to interpret the standards in a comparative aspect, taking into account the deep level of their construction. Among the results obtained are:(1) the inclusion of complicity rules in other criminal law institutions is an unjustified design technique; (2) the absence of a complex of titles in the institution of complicity reduces the level of quality of this institution; (3) the presence of definitive rules in the institution of complicity significantly increases its quality; (4) the differentiation of accomplices in crime should not be excessive and arbitrary; (5) the rules on attempted complicity in a crime increase the preventive potential of criminal law.

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“…Roth (2017), for example, finds that areas with higher proportions of non-white residents are associated with lower case clearances for burglary, vehicle theft and other thefts. Vaughn (2020) also finds that homicides, robberies and assaults committed in places with predominantly Black residents are less likely to be cleared. However, Vaughn notes that this relationship's effect size is small and argues that more nuanced dynamics are at play.…”

Section: Category 2: Studies Examining Variations In Clearance Rates Across Space Time and Groupsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effective police investigative practices: an evidence-assessment of the research

Prince

Lum

Koper

2021

PIJPSM

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PurposeDetective work is a mainstay of modern law enforcement, but its effectiveness has been much less evaluated than patrol work. To explore what is known about effective investigative practices and to identify evidence gaps, the authors assess the current state of empirical research on investigations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors assess the empirical research about the effectiveness of criminal investigations and detective work in resolving cases and improving clearance rates.FindingsThe authors’ analysis of the literature produced 80 studies that focus on seven categories of investigations research, which include the impact that case and situational factors, demographic and neighborhood dynamics, organizational policies and practices, investigative effort, technology, patrol officers and community members have on case resolution. The authors’ assessment shows that evaluation research examining the effectiveness of various investigative activities is rare. However, the broader empirical literature indicates that a combination of organizational policies, investigative effort and certain technologies can be promising in improving investigative outcomes even in cases deemed less solvable.Research limitations/implicationsFrom an evidence-based perspective, this review emphasizes the need for greater transparency, evaluation and accountability of investigative activities given the resources and importance afforded to criminal investigations.Originality/valueThis review is currently the most up-to-date review of the state of the research on what is known about effective investigative practices.

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The effects of devaluation and solvability on crime clearance

Cited by 23 publications

References 55 publications

Clearing crimes in the aftermath of police lethal violence

Clearing crimes in the aftermath of police lethal violence

Institution of Complicity in a Crime: Comparative-Legal Interpretation

Effective police investigative practices: an evidence-assessment of the research

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