The effects of ethanol on the efflux and release of norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine from slices of rat hypothalamus

Hyatt, Mark C.; Tyce, Gertrude M.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90061-7

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Uptake of NE was not changed after hepatectomy in the cool rats AMI very effectively blocks neuronal uptake of NE and less effectively blocks neuronal uptake of DA (Richelson and Pfenning, 1984). The differences in amine overflow in the presence and absence of AMI can be used to assess the magnitude of neuronal uptake of transmitter (Hyatt and Tyce, 1985). Because of the unexpected toxicity of the drug in the warm HEP rats, studies with AMI were only done in cool animals.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Release Of Ne and Da And Effects Of Ca 2"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Releases of Norepinephrine and Dopamine in Ventriculocisternal Perfusions in Hepatectomized and Laparotomized Rats

McKinzie

Hammond

Grabau

et al. 1996

Journal of Neurochemistry

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The completely hepatectomized rat has frequently been used as a model to study changes in the economy of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in hepatic coma. Hypothermia characteristically develops in hepatectomized rats and also occurs in patients in hepatic coma and is associated with improved survival in both. The aims of the present study were to measure both release and uptake of NE and release of DA in brain in warm (37°C) and cool (30–32°C) rats at 3–5 h after laparotomy or hepatectomy. Ventriculocisternal perfusions of the brain were performed on rats under basal conditions and during releases evoked by 40 mM K+. Basal releases of NE and DA and evoked release of DA were greater in the warm hepatectomized rats than in all other groups. In some studies, 10−5M amitriptyline was added to the perfusates to assess whether neuronal uptake was changed after hepatectomy. Uptake of released NE was equally robust in cool hepatectomized as in cool laparotomized rats but could not be measured in warm hepatectomized rats because of amitriptyline toxicity in these rats. Decreases in NE and increases in DA content were found in most areas of the brain after perfusion. Increased releases of NE and DA may contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.

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Section: Characteristics Of Release Of Ne and Da And Effects Of Ca 2"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Releases of Norepinephrine and Dopamine in Ventriculocisternal Perfusions in Hepatectomized and Laparotomized Rats

McKinzie

Hammond

Grabau

et al. 1996

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…There is literature describing the influence of ethanol on serotonergic neurotransmission. For example, ethanol increases basal efflux but not the basal release of serotonin, suggesting that neuronal serotonin uptake under basal conditions may be inhibited by intoxicating levels of ethanol (Hyatt & Tyce, 1985). However, other studies have shown that ethanol does not directly affect the binding affinity of serotonin to either 5HT 1A or 5HT 2 receptors or the densities of these sites (Buckholtz, Zhou, & Tabakoff, 1989).…”

Section: Neuropharmacology Of Reward and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A psychopharmacology of motivation and reward related to substance abuse treatment.

George¹,

Ritz²

1993

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…These animals are also characterized by low levels of central serotonergic activity (Li, Lumeng, McBride, Waller & Murphy, 1986; Murphy, McBride, Gatto, Lumeng & Li, 1988; Murphy, McBride, Lumeng & Li, 1982, 1987) as are other strains of alcohol-preferring rats (Daoust et al, 1985; Zhukov, Varkov & Burov, 1985). Recent evidence also suggests that alcohol consumption per se may increase central functional serotonergic activity in rats (Hyatt & Tyce, 1985; Kuriyama, Kanmori & Yoneda, 1984; McBride, Murphy, Lumeng & Li, 1986; Murphy et al, 1988). Although few similar studies have been carried out on human subjects, significant positive correlation between CSF 5-HIAA and blood alcohol levels in alcoholics, suggesting that alcohol consumption produces an increase in human serotonergic activity, has been found (Borg, Kvande, Liljeberg & Valverius, 1985).…”

Section: An Heuristic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

An heuristic model for the inherited predisposition to alcoholism.

Pihl

Peterson²,

Finn³

1990

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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A research program studying individuals genetically at high risk for alcoholism is presented. Multigenerational nonproblem-drinking sons of male alcoholics display a pattern of autonomic hyperreactivity to a variety of stimuli. This pattern of reactivity is significantly dampened by high doses of alcohol. These individuals also display difficulty on cognitive tests suggestive of prefrontal lobe dysfunction. This response pattern is not characteristic of controls nor of daughters of multigenerational male alcoholics. A model is presented that hypothesizes a cognitive disturbance underlying the hyperreactivity and posits a problem in the attribution of meaning to novel stimuli and threatening events.Alcoholism is a pervasive and pernicious disorder. Five to 10% of adults abuse or are dependent upon alcohol (Kamerow, Pincus, & Mc-Donald, 1986). The physical, social, and economic consequences of alcoholism are so severe that, by comparison, detrimental effects of illegal substance abuse pale to relative insignificance. Three very notable facts are that alcohol abuse and its effects pose the third most prevalent health problem in North America after heart disease and cancer, are responsible for approximately one third of general hospital admissions, and are the primary cause of emergency room admissions (Adrian, 1984; Harwood, Napolitano, & Kristiannsen, 1984). Given the death, mayhem, and economic loss these facts represent, one might assume that the etiology of the problem would be well delineated and that demonstrated effective treatments would be available. Unfortunately, one would err in forming both assumptions. It has been estimated (Nathan, 1987) that less than 5% of alcoholics are ever treated. If roughly 50% of those treated re-

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The effects of ethanol on the efflux and release of norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine from slices of rat hypothalamus

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Releases of Norepinephrine and Dopamine in Ventriculocisternal Perfusions in Hepatectomized and Laparotomized Rats

Releases of Norepinephrine and Dopamine in Ventriculocisternal Perfusions in Hepatectomized and Laparotomized Rats

A psychopharmacology of motivation and reward related to substance abuse treatment.

An heuristic model for the inherited predisposition to alcoholism.

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