The Effects of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) on the Cellular Viability and Osteogenesis of Stem Cell Spheroids

Abstract

Background and objectives: Morinda citrifolia (Noni) has been widely used in herbal remedies to treat and prevent various kinds of diseases. We conducted this study to evaluate the effects of Noni extract on the maintenance of morphology, the improvement of cellular viability, and the enhancement of osteogenesis of stem cell spheroids. Materials and Methods: We cultured stem cell spheroids made with gingiva-derived stem cells in the presence of Noni extract at concentrations of 10, 100 and 200 ng/mL. We performed analysis of the cell morphology and changes in the cellular viability. We conducted alkaline phosphatase activity assays using a kit, and mineralization assays using an anthraquinone dye to evaluate the osteogenesis of stem cell spheroids with the addition of Noni extract. Results: The applied cells formed spheroids well, and the addition of Noni at 10, 100 and 200 ng/mL concentrations did not produce significant morphological changes. The quantitative values for cellular viability on Day 3 showed that the absorbance values at 450 nm were 0.314 ± 0.013, 0.318 ± 0.008, 0.304 ± 0.000 and 0.300 ± 0.011 for Noni at 0, 10, 100 and 200 ng/mL concentrations, respectively. The results of alkaline phosphatase activity with absorbance values at 405 nm were 0.189 ± 0.019, 0.174 ± 0.023, 0.192 ± 0.014 and 0.210 ± 0.062 for Noni at 0, 10, 100 and 200 ng/mL concentrations, respectively, on Day 4. There were significantly higher values of Alizarin Red S staining for Noni in the 10, 100 and 200 ng/mL groups, with the highest value at 100 ng/mL when compared with the unloaded control on Day 14. Conclusions: Based on these findings, we concluded that Noni extract might be applied for the enhanced osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids.

Evaluation of the Effects of Cuminum cyminum on Cellular Viability, Osteogenic Differentiation and Mineralization of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells

“…In general, no significant decrease was noted for cellular viability, indicating that the CCT in the tested concentration did not seem to produce adverse effects [ 24 ]. Bone regeneration is an area of great interest [ 25 ].…”

Evaluation of the Age- and Sex-Related Changes of the Osteogenic Differentiation Potentials of Healthy Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…The level of the alkaline phosphatase activity was used to assess the osteogenic differentiation [ 18 ]. Commercially available kits (K412-500, BioVision, Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA) were used to evaluate the level of alkaline phosphatase activity at the absorbance at 405 nm.…”

Effects of noni on cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation of gingiva‑derived stem cells demonstrated by RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR

“…The noni fruit was ripened at room temperature (20-28˚C) at a humidity of 60-85% for 11-12 weeks. The noni liquid was freeze dried using a lyophilizer (Ilshin Lab Co., Ltd.) ( 14 ).…”

“…It was shown that noni extract enhanced osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids. Considering the promising findings in previous studies (11,14). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of noni extract on maintaining morphology, improving cellular viability and strengthening osteogenic differentiation of stem cells.…”

“…Therefore, gingiva-derived stem cells are good sources of studying the effect of noni on mineralization for the treatment of periodontal defect. In a previous study, noni was applied for stem cell spheroids ( 14 ). It was shown that noni extract enhanced osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids.…”