The effects of soil solarization and application of a <i>Trichoderma</i> biocontrol agent on soil fungal and prokaryotic communities

Funahashi, Fumiaki; Myrold, David D.; Parke, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1002/saj2.20361

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Soil inoculation of oppositional propagules shortly after solarization provides a highly opportune setting for them to grow quickly and colonize the vacuum area created by solarization (Jayaraj and Radhakrishna 2008). It also promotes antagonist colonization in the plant rhizosphere (Funahashi et al 2022). High soil temperatures during solarization reduced the survival of black root rot-propagules in the current investigation, and the addition of T. asperellum increased the population level of native Trichoderma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced activity of Trichoderma asperellum introduced in solarized soil and its implications on the integrated control of strawberry-black root rot

Elshahawy,

Saied,

Abd-El-Kareem

et al. 2023

Preprint

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An effective method for maintaining the activity and longevity of microorganisms in adverse conditions is microencapsulation. In the present study, synthetic alginate pellets were developed as carriers for the biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum. In two field experiments, solarization was applied for three weeks to loamy clay soil that was naturally infested with strawberry-black root rot fungi (Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, and Machrophomina phaseolina). Following solarization, T. asperellum-based alginate pellets and/or spore suspension based- T. asperellum were added to the soil. Data reveal that,three weeks solarization of irrigated soil increased its maximum temperature reached by 11–14.2°C (1–10 cm depth), 11.6–13.1°C (11–20 cm depth) and 10.1-12.2°C (21–30 cm depth). In either trial, solarization also successfully lowers the vitality of strawberry-black root rot fungi directly after the solarization phase. When compared to controls, strawberry-black root rot was substantially less common in solarized plots. In two field trials, soil solarization followed by inoculation with alginate pellets based on T. asperellum led to the greatest reductions in black root rot incidence (59.3 and 74.1%) and severity (72.5 and 75.2%), as compared to un-solarized control plots. In two field studies, this treatment dramatically boosted the activity of defensive enzymes (peroxidase and chitinase) and strawberry yield (60.5 and 60.0%, respectively), when compared to non-solarized control plots. In two field studies, the rhizosphere population of native Trichoderma spp. developed more in solarized soils after the application of alginate pellets based on T. asperellum (86.5 and 83.6%, respectively), compared to the un-solarized control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to earlier research, solarization and the use of Trichoderma spp. can effectively manage diseases that are transmitted through the soil (Funahashi et al 2022). Numerous Trichoderma spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced activity of Trichoderma asperellum introduced in solarized soil and its implications on the integrated control of strawberry-black root rot

Elshahawy,

Saied,

Abd-El-Kareem

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Although hydrothermal killing is the main mode of action in solarization, there are other factors that can influence the state of seeds or soilborne pathogens such as fluctuating daily temperatures, soil moisture, nutrient composition, and microbial community shifts (DeVay and Funahashi and Parke, 2016;Funahashi and Parke, 2018;Funahashi and Parke, 2020;Funahashi et al, 2021). These changes in environmental conditions created by soil solarization can induce or release seed dormancy and affect the sensitivity of seeds depending on species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil solarization as a non-chemical weed control method in tree nursery production systems of the Pacific Northwest, USA

Wada,

Berry,

Hill

et al. 2024

Front. Agron.

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IntroductionHerbicide application in tree nurseries is limited because of the potential for chemical injury to the large diversity of trees species grown, the lack of registered products, and increasing restrictions on herbicide use, necessitating the costly practice of hand weeding. Soil solarization can reduce the weed seedbank by trapping solar energy under clear plastic film, resulting in high soil temperatures lethal to imbibed weed seeds and seedlings. The objective of this study was to determine if soil solarization would be an effective weed management strategy in Pacific Northwest, USA, tree production systems.MethodsField studies were conducted at three commercial tree nurseries in Oregon and Washington over two years to test soil solarization in reducing the naturally occurring weed seedbank and the time required to hand weed fields. Further field and laboratory tests were conducted with five weed species: Poa annua, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, and Cyperus esculentus. Weed seeds and tubers were buried in packets at 5 and 10 cm to determine their viability after 6 weeks of solarization. A laboratory study was conducted with all but C. esculentus to quantify the exposure time at 45, 50, and 55°C required for 90% death (T90).ResultsSoil solarization was particularly effective in reducing the emergence of naturally occurring weeds in the fall and winter, when weed emergence was reduced by 94-96%. Emergence was reduced 67-81% during the subsequent spring and early summer. Nine to ten months after solarization, solarized areas had a 52 – 69% reduction in hand weeding time compared to non-solarized areas. In field trials with buried seed and tuber packets, mortality differed by location and depth, with P. annua and P. pensylvanicum having the greatest percent seed mortality followed by A. retroflexus and variable results for P. oleracea and C. esculentus. In lab studies, seed mortality differed depending on species and temperature; however, at 55°C, there was a relatively rapid drop in seed viability for all species, and T90 values ranged from 1.2 to 41 h whereas at 45°C the range was 47 to > 3000 h. Similar to the field studies, P. annua and P. pensylvancium were more sensitive to heat, followed by A. retroflexus and P. oleracea.ConclusionSoil solarization can be an effective weed management tool in reducing the weed seedbank in Pacific Northwest tree nurseries and other fall-sown crops but may not work for certain, thermotolerant weed species such as C. esculentus.

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“…However, Trichoderma is susceptible to environmental changes, such as pH, UV light, and temperature, showing low efficiency to control agricultural and forestry diseases ( 2 – 5 ). Therefore, employing different forms of delivery could improve the viability of conidia ( 6 , 7 ). For instance, microencapsulated conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae using sodium alginate (SA) showed that the conidia activity was 80% after storage at 4°C for 6 months, while that of the bare conidia was less than 50% under identical conditions ( 8 – 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Trichoderma asperellum Microcapsules and Biocontrol of Cucumber Powdery Mildew

Fan

Wu³

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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Trichoderma asperellum is widely found in plant roots and soil and has been used for the biocontrol of various plant pathogens; however, the control efficiency of T. asperellum is usually unstable in field trials. To improve the control efficiency of T. asperellum , in the present study, T. asperellum microcapsules were prepared using sodium alginate as wall material to reduce the effects of temperature, UV irradiation, and other environmental factors on its activity, and to significantly improve its biocontrol efficiency on cucumber powdery mildew.

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The effects of soil solarization and application of a Trichoderma biocontrol agent on soil fungal and prokaryotic communities

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Enhanced activity of Trichoderma asperellum introduced in solarized soil and its implications on the integrated control of strawberry-black root rot

Enhanced activity of Trichoderma asperellum introduced in solarized soil and its implications on the integrated control of strawberry-black root rot

Soil solarization as a non-chemical weed control method in tree nursery production systems of the Pacific Northwest, USA

Preparation of Trichoderma asperellum Microcapsules and Biocontrol of Cucumber Powdery Mildew

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