The Effects of Speed and Altitude on Wireless Air Pollution Measurements using Hexacopter Drone

Abstract

Air pollution has a severe impact on human beings and one of the top risks facing human health. The data collection near pollution sources is difficult to obtain due to obstacles such as industrial and rural areas, where sensing usually fails to give enough information about the air quality. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with different sensors offer new approaches and opportunity to air pollution and atmospheric studies. Despite that, there are new challenges that emerged with using UAVs, in particular, the effect of wind-generated from UAVs propellers rotation on the efficiency and ability to sense and measure gas concentrations. The results of gas measurement are affected by the propellers rotation and the wind resistance. Thus, the effect of changing UAV speed and altitude on the gas measurement both vertically and horizontally need to be performed. The aims of this paper is to propose a new mobilewireless air pollution system composed of UAV equipped with low-cost sensors using LoRa transmission. The proposed system is evaluated by studying the effect of changing altitude and speed on the measured gas concentrations CO, LPG, H2, and smoke when flying in horizontally and vertically directions. The results showed that our system is capable of measuring CO, LPG, H2, and smoke in the vertical mode in both hovering and deploying scenarios. While in horizontal mode the results showed that system can detect and measure gas concentrations at speeds less than or equal to 6 m/s. While at high speed of 8 and 10 m/s there will be an impact on its performance and accuracy to detect the targeted gases. Also, the results showed that the LoRa shield and Radio transmitter AT9S can successfully transmit up to 800 m horizontally and 400 feet vertically.

Modern means of assessing the impact of emergencies on the environmental condition of the ground layer of atmosphere

“…Dahnil from the University of Malaysia Kebangsaan proposed the use of a six-beam polycopter (Fig. 1 d) for use in studies of environmental quality indicators [40]. In their work, they tried to test the efficiency of the polycopter to determine the effectiveness of various equipment for measuring the concentration of four indicators of air quality: smoke, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and liquefied petroleum gas given the turbulence of air generated by UAV propellers during its movement and optimize the complex these features.…”

LoRa Sensor Node Mounted on Drone for Monitoring Industrial Area Gas Pollution

“…Nevertheless, current initiatives only focus on examining the advantages for particular populations and proving that crowdsourcing data is feasible [28][29][30][31][32][33]. Technology developments have reduced the cost of detecting gaseous contaminants.…”

“…Furthermore, by creating a detection system based on inexpensive sensors and a cost-effective and open-source UAV, it is efficient to construct a mobilewireless air pollution system to measure gas concentration, such as CO, LPG, SO2, NO2, NH3, and smoke. LoRa Wireless Communication protocol is used to overcome the limited range of communications, sending and receiving data over long distances of up to 5 km in urban areas and up to 18 km in open areas [28,29]. Therefore, this technology is used with drones to secure access to hard-to-reach areas, especially in the presence of polluting and toxic gases.…”

Influence of drone carriage material on maintenance of storage temperature and quality of blood samples during transportation in an equatorial climate

“…Disruptive technology is an innovation that significantly changes the conventional operational manner of industries, businesses, and systems, such as drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles [1,2]. The high versatility of drones leads to its variety of applications including in the fields of healthcare, agriculture, surveillance, commerce, military, and urban development [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Drones have been proven to increase geographical accessibility [10], reduce transportation time [11], lower carbon footprint [12], and improve cost-effectiveness of delivery services [13,14].…”