The effects of Spirulina platensis ( Arthrospira platensis ) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the distribution and cytokine production of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes in rabbits

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Natural additives have become one of the most alternative immune enhancer nowadays. In particular, Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis) (SP) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) have been used for improving the immune system and quality of life. The aim of this study was to regulate the immune effect of S. cerevisiae and S. platensis (A. platensis) combination. Forty male New Zealand white rabbits, aged 5-6 weeks, were analysed in 4 groups: Control (basal diet); SC (added 3 g/kg diet), SP (added 5% of the diet); SC and SP (added 3 g/kg SC and 5% SP of the diet). The entire experiment lasted 90 days. Blood samples were obtained by ear venipuncture on the 90 th day. The CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte values were determined by flow cytometry and cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4) were determined by ELISA. According to the results, there were no significant differences in the expression of cytokines, but serum CD4+/CD8+ increased in the animals fed SP and SC+SP supplemented diets (3 g/kg and 5% of the diet, respectively). It was concluded that S. platensis (A. platensis) may be used as an immune enhancer, although further studies are needed to clarify the effects of spirulina supplement on immunity.Key words: rabbits, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Spirulina platensis, Arthrospira platensis, immunity. RESUMEN.Los aditivos naturales se han convertido en uno de los mayores potenciadores alternativos de inmunidad actualmente. Spirulina platensis (SP) y Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) se han usado para mejorar el sistema inmunológico y la calidad de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue regular el efecto inmune de la combinación de S. cerevisiae y S. platensis (A. platensis). Se analizaron 40 conejos blancos machos de Nueva Zelanda, de 5 a 6 semanas de edad, en 4 grupos: Control (dieta basal); SC (añadido 3 g / kg de dieta); SP (añadido 5% de la dieta); SC y SP (se añadieron 3 g/kg SC y 5% SP de la dieta), respectivamente. El experimento completo duró 90 días. Muestras de sangre fueron obtenidas mediante punción venosa de oído en el día 90. Los valores de linfocitos T CD4+ y CD8+ se determinaron mediante citometría de flujo y las citoquinas (IFN-γ e IL-4) se determinaron por ELISA. De acuerdo con los resultados, no hubo diferencias significativas en la expresión de citoquinas, pero el suero CD4+/CD8+ aumentó en los animales alimentados con SP y SC + SP dietas suplementadas (3 g/kg y 5% de la dieta, respectivamente). Se concluye que S. platensis (A. platensis) se puede utilizar como un potenciador immune, aunque se necesitan más estudios para aclarar los efectos de la suplementación de espirulina en la inmunidad.

The effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis on morphological and hematological parameters evoked by social stress in male rats

“…S. platensis has important contents such as high protein, polyphenols, phycocyanin, minerals and vitamin C (Khan et al, 2005;Seyidoglu et al, 2017). It can be digested easily due to its non cellulose structure on its cell wall, and thereby it enhances growth (Moreira et al, 2011;Seyidoglu and Galip, 2014;Seyidoglu et al, 2017a). Several studies reported the effects of Spirulina on haematological parameters and growth performances in rats (Araujo et al, 2003;Simsek et al, 2007;Promya and Chitmanat, 2011).…”

Effect of Spirulina platensis Supplementation to Rabbits' Does Diets on Reproductive and Economical Performance تأثیر الإضافة الغذائیة لطحلب السبیرولینا فى علائق أمهات الأرانب على الکفاءة التناسلیة والإقتصادیة

“…In this respect, Fouda and Ismail (2017) also reported that adult New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit bucks fed 700 mg SP / diet were significantly (P < 0.01) increased the growth performance parameters than those in the control group. Where, SP can be digested simply due to its non cellulose structure on its cell wall, and thus it enhances of animal growth performance (Moreira et al, 2011;Seyidoglu and Galip, 2014;Seyidoglu et al, 2017b). Contradictory results are possibly due to the different tested levels of SP and quality in the present study.…”

Spirulina extract enriched for Braun‐type lipoprotein (Immulina®) for inhibition of 4T1 breast tumors' growth and metastasis

“…( Løbner, Walsted, Larsen, Bendtzen, & Nielsen, ) Also, in vivo studies have reported Spirulina extracts can significantly increase lymphocytes counts at the animals' blood samples. (Emami & Olfati, ; Seyidoglu, Galip, Budak, & Uzabaci, ; Simsek, Karadeniz, Kalkan, Keles, & Unal, ) In addition, the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic cells by Spirulina extract is another reason of lymphocytes number increase in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. (Hayashi et al, ) Moreover, Hayashi et al .…”