The effects of stretching on muscle morphometry of ovariectomized rats

Abstract

Efeitos do alongamento na morfometria do músculo em ratas ovarectomizadasLos efectos del ejercicio de estiramiento en la morfometria muscular de las ratas ovariectomizadas Abstract Introduction: Ageing is responsible for structural alterations, declining of all physiological variables, including range of motion and skeletal muscle function, known as sarcopenia. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of stretching on muscle morphometry in ovariectomized rats. Method: 21 female Wistar rats (12 weeks, 218 ± 22 g) were divided into 4 groups: control (CONTROL, n = 3) intact; ovariectomized and hysterectomized (OH, n = 6); Stretching (STRET, n = 6); ovariectomized and hysterectomized and stretching (OHS, n = 6). The rats were subjected to ovariectomy and hysterectomy. The stretching protocol of the soleus muscle lasted 10 repetitions of 1 minute with 45s interval between each repetition performed 3 times a week for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the rats were weighed and the muscles of both hind limbs were removed weighed and analyzed at muscle length; serial sarcomere Vidal R, Volkweis G, Ywazaki JL, Randi MAF, Loureiro APC, Gomes ARS. 2 number; sarcomere length; muscle fiber cross-sectional area (MFCSA) and percentage of connective tissue. Results: The final body weight increased in all groups. The serial sarcomere number of STRET was greater than the OH. The muscle fibers' cross-sectional area of OHS was higher than CONTROL. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ovariectomy and hysterectomy prevented sarcomerogenesis even when stretching was applied. However, the stretching protocol enhanced muscle trophismof ovariectomized and hysterectomized rats. It might be suggested that longitudinal growth (serial sarcomeres) and radial (ASTFM) are differently regulated by stretching in intact and/or estrogen depleted (ovariectomy and hysterectomy) skeletal muscle.Introdução: O envelhecimento é responsável por alterações estruturais, com declínio de todas as variáveis fisiológicas, incluindo amplitude de movimento e função muscular esquelética. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do alongamento na morfometria muscular de ratas ovariectomizadas. Método: Assim, 21 ratas Wistar (12 semanas, 218 ± 22 g) foram divididas em 4 grupos: Controle (CONTROL, n = 3) intacto; Ovariectomizadas e histerectomizadas (OH, n = 6); Alongamento (ALONG, n = 6); Ovariectomizadas e histerectomizadas e Alongamento (OHA, n = 6). As ratas foram submetidas a ovariectomia e histerectomia. O alongamento do músculo sóleo foi composto de 10 repetições de 1 minuto com intervalo de 45s entre cada repetição, realizado 3 vezes por semana, durante 3 semanas. Após 3 semanas, as ratas foram pesadas e os músculos sóleos de ambas as patas foram retirados, pesados e analisados: comprimento do músculo; número de sarcômeros em série; comprimento do sarcômero; área da seção transversal das fibras musculares (ASTFM) e porcentagem de tecido conjuntivo. Resultados: O peso corporal final aumentou em todos os grupos. O número de sarcômeros em sér...

Aerobic exercise attenuates the effects of ovariectomy and sedentarism on body composition and food intake in female rats

“…After 3 weeks of post-surgery recovery and 1 more week of experiment, a significant increase in body weight was already observed in OVX rats, compared to Sham rats. These results are similar to those of previous studies [6,19,25]. The increase in body weight may be due to hormonal dysfunction and to the greater accumulation of fat as well as to the greater food intake of OVX rats, as observed in the present study [6,10,12,19].…”

Correcting Postural Deviations: An Evidence- Supported Shift in Paradigm

“…Conflicting findings occurred when static stretching of the soleus muscle of rats was conducted using a protocol of 1 minute, 10 times per session, 3 times per week for 3 weeks. The results from this animal study found an increase in sarcomeres in series [18]. Specific resistance training protocols were also used to inquire if muscle fiber lengthening occurs.…”

“…with resistance exercise at joint end-range [19] and eccentric strengthening exercise [20][21][22]. It appears the muscle is adapting to provide a more optimal length-tension relationship which requires greater length that may be explained by an The Asian Journal of Kinesiology | Asian J Kinesiol 2022; 24(4): [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] • DOI: https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022. 24.4.16 addition of sarcomeres in series.…”

“…Research inquiring hamstring length and its possible impact on lumbar lordosis has been frequently investigated. A randomized controlled trial required 1 group to stretch their hamstrings in sitting and standing positions The Asian Journal of Kinesiology | Asian J Kinesiol 2022; 24(4): [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] • DOI: https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022. 24.4.16 using a protocol of 2 times 30 seconds, 4 times per week for 4 weeks and a control group absent from stretching [38].…”

“…Research has suggested if these poor postural positions are held statically for long lengths of time, frequently, muscle physiological changes may take place [4]. For example, participants with a forward head posture demonstrated significantly lower sternocleidomastoid muscle activation compared to controls, suggesting a change in muscle activation secondary to the length-tension relationship The Asian Journal of Kinesiology | Asian J Kinesiol 2022; 24 (4): [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] • DOI: https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022. 24.4.16 in neck or low back pain have traditionally been based on the theoretical correction of muscle-tendon unit length imbalances with stretching and strengthening interventions.…”