The electret effect in polar molecule condensates in the temperature range 90–230 K

Chrzanowski, J.; Sujak, B.

doi:10.1016/0040-6090(81)90266-2

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This phenomenon was first reported in 1969, 1 yet it is far from common knowledge even today. Over the decades, few studies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] had tried to quantify and explain the phenomenon. In recent years, interest has grown and several publications [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] have attempted to provide a mechanism for the generation of this astonishing result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenomenon has been studied more extensively for water. [1][2][3]5,7,8,10,12,19 The consensus is that measured voltages of fixed sign scale with the amount of material deposited and are substrate independent. It is also understood that substrate temperature affects the voltage created, with the general trend being that the lower the temperature, the higher the voltage established, although deviations from this trend were known from very early 2 on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous polarization of vapor-deposited 1-butanol films and its dependence on temperature

Gavra

Pilidi

Tsekouras

2017

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Films of 1-butanol were vapor deposited under vacuum conditions at cryogenic temperatures on a polycrystalline platinum foil. Kelvin probe measurements showed the generation of a large negative voltage on the vacuum side of the film relative to its back side in contact with the platinum foil. Voltages across vapor deposited films, which are known to require molecules with an electric dipole moment, were confirmed to be proportional to the amount of gas deposited at a given temperature. Voltages of several hundreds of volts were recorded for films that were a few thousand monolayers thick. As deposition temperature was reduced from 120 K, the film voltage was found to increase almost linearly from 0 V until a little below 38 K, where the trend was reversed. Ramping up the sample temperature after deposition at 15 K/min exhibited an initial increase in absolute magnitude and then a gradual elimination of the voltage as the temperature of 120 K was reached. Both the initial increase and the subsequent decrease were found to be irreversible and indicate structural changes in the amorphous film. The elimination of the film voltage is associated with small rearrangements of the deposited molecules which are facilitated by the gradual increase of the temperature and the cumulative electric field of the surrounding molecules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous polarization of vapor-deposited 1-butanol films and its dependence on temperature

Gavra

Pilidi

Tsekouras

2017

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…We previously confirmed the presence of such intrinsic negative potential on ASW films deposited between 15 and 80 K from the reduced kinetic energies of sputtered secondary ions, 4 using a secondary ion mass spectrometer. While measurements of spontaneous polarization in amorphous ice have been reported for decades, 5,6 a recent study using low-energy electrons incident on ASW remarkably failed to detect polarization in water ice, 7 though it was observed in other condensed polar molecules using the same technique. 8 Together with small changes in polarization upon crystallization to the cubic phase (>130 K), 2,3,9 the most salient observations pertain to the decrease of the |V s | with increasing a) Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of microstructure on spontaneous polarization in amorphous solid water films

Shi

Raut

et al. 2015

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Amorphous solid water (ASW) films grown by vapor deposition below 110 K develop negative surface voltages Vs with respect to the substrate. This polarization is due to a partial alignment of the water molecules during condensation. Kelvin probe measurements show that the magnitude of the surface potential, |Vs|, increases linearly with film thickness at a rate that decreases with increasing deposition temperature. |Vs| decreases with increasing deposition temperature and increasing incidence angle of the vapor source. After film growth, |Vs| decreases irreversibly by 80% when the ice film is heated to ∼30 K above the deposition temperature. The measurements of |Vs| as a function of film porosity indicate that polarization in ASW is governed by incompletely coordinated water molecules, dangling with unbalanced dipoles at the internal surface of the pores and weakly aligned by the anisotropic film-vacuum interface. This idea is supported by the strikingly similar behavior of |Vs| and the infrared absorption due to the most pliable, two-coordinated surface molecules with annealing temperature.

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“…It was shown by Kutzner (1972) and by Chrzanowski and Sujak (1981) that the value, as well as, the sign of the cryocondensate surface charge depends on the condensation temperature and the kind of molecules only. They observed periodic changes of the surface charge with condensation temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The main reason for the surface potential (surface charge) generation at the condensate layer is the ordering of the orientation of polar molecules during condensation (Kutzner, 1972;Chrzanowski and Sujak, 1981;Onsager et ul., 1978). The orientation of polar molecules could be induced by resonance interaction between molecules and the substrate phonons (Kutzner, 1972) or between molecules and the electromagnetic radiation from the substrate (Chrzanowski and Sujak, 1981) or induced by asymmetric electric field lines .around a condensing molecule (Onsager et ul., 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical effects accompanying the phase transitions in ethanol cryocondensed thin layers

Sobolewski

1997

Phase Transitions

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The behaviour of the surface potential of ethanol layers deposited on a cooled substrate was studied. A spontaneous surface potential increase was detected for samples deposited at temperatures close to the well known phase transition (crystallization to crystal I phase) temperature. The activation energy for crystallization was estimated to be 20.7 f 0.4 kl/mol. In addition, thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectra were measured. It was suggested that the amorphous ethanol condensed below 125 K might exist in a glassy state and that the crystallization to crystal I phase runs from a glassy state via a crystal I1 phase.

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The electret effect in polar molecule condensates in the temperature range 90–230 K

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Spontaneous polarization of vapor-deposited 1-butanol films and its dependence on temperature

Spontaneous polarization of vapor-deposited 1-butanol films and its dependence on temperature

Effect of microstructure on spontaneous polarization in amorphous solid water films

Electrical effects accompanying the phase transitions in ethanol cryocondensed thin layers

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