The electrical properties of soil at frequencies up to 100 megacycles per second; with a note on the resistivity of ground in the United Kingdom

Smith–Rose, R. L.

doi:10.1088/0959-5309/47/5/318

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Copyright ¸ 1974 by the American Geophysical Union. frequency [Smith-Rose, 1935;Scott et al, 1967] and levels off at a frequency of about 107 Hz at values ranging from 5 to 30, depending on the density and water content of the soil.…”

Section: Several Investigators Observed That At Low Frequency the Diementioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric properties of soils at UHF and microwave frequencies

Hoekstra¹,

Delaney²

1974

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences &am

103

125

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Section: Several Investigators Observed That At Low Frequency the Diementioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric properties of soils at UHF and microwave frequencies

Hoekstra¹,

Delaney²

1974

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences &am

103

125

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“…These early measurements were intended to provide a framework for understanding the potential impact of ground conductivity on the then developing radio and telephone transmission systems. The laboratory experiments, typically using 'soil' samples to depths of about 3 m, are described by Smith-Rose (1933, 1935 During the latter half of the last century more routine electrical and electromagnetic geophysical measurements provided a wealth of localised survey information for a variety of applications across the UK. Many of the measurements comprised vertical electric soundings (VES) for groundwater applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These early measurements were intended to provide a framework for understanding the potential impact of ground conductivity on the then developing radio and telephone transmission systems. The laboratory experiments, typically using 'soil' samples to depths of about 3 m, are described by Smith-Rose (1933, 1935. In 1935 the British Electrical and Allied Industries Research Association (generally known as the Electrical Research Association, ERA) presented two electrical resistivity maps of England/Wales and southern Scotland.…”

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Mapping and predicting electrical conductivity variations across southern England using airborne electromagnetic data

Beamish

White

2012

QJEGH

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Electrical conductivity of is one of the fundamental geophysical properties of rock formations and can be measured at field and laboratory scales. A recent airborne geophysical survey of the Isle of Wight and part of the adjacent mainland has provided an assessment of the nearsurface (close to outcrop) electrical conductivities associated with Palaeogene and Cretaceous formations. This study examines the degree to which the high resolution survey data contain distinctive geological and lithological signatures. The geostatistical nature of the conductivity distributions are examined in relation to two existing sedimentary bedrock schemes involving lithostratigraphical and simpler lithological descriptions. A close association between conductivity and bedrock geology is evident. It is then demonstrated how the central moments and dispersion statistics of the distributions may be used to predict the continuous, bedrock conductivity distribution across a large area of southern England, containing, as it does, a high population density and extensive infrastructure. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated using the survey data obtained on the mainland and an existing database of Vertical Electric Soundings. Page 3 of 34The electrical properties of UK soils and rocks were investigated during the 1930s in both the laboratory and using geophysical field measurements. These early measurements were intended to provide a framework for understanding the potential impact of ground conductivity on the then developing radio and telephone transmission systems. The laboratory experiments, typically using 'soil' samples to depths of about 3 m, are described by Smith-Rose (1933, 1935 During the latter half of the last century more routine electrical and electromagnetic geophysical measurements provided a wealth of localised survey information for a variety of applications across the UK. Many of the measurements comprised vertical electric soundings (VES) for groundwater applications. The National Resistivity Sounding Database (Barker et al., 1996) was developed from over 8,000 such soundings. The database information, comprising raw resistances, continues to be used in a geological context (Cuthbert et al., 2009;Busby et al., 2011). Electromagnetic measurements have also been used to guide geological mapping, usually in the near-surface (e.g. Zalasiewicz et al., 1985;Cornwell & Carruthers, 1986) Having established the statistical behaviour of the near-surface conductivity of the geological units across the IoW, the ability of these data to perform predictive mapping across a large central area of southern England is considered. The effectiveness of this procedure is demonstrated using both survey data obtained on the mainland and an existing database of Vertical Electric Soundings. The extended bedrock conductivity map has the potential to allow assessments of the degree to which localised measurements are consistent with, or represent departures from, the norm. The GIS-based predictive mapping of geophysical inf...

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“…It was recognized early on that the use of radio frequencies might be utilized to estimate water content. For example, Smith-Rose (1933, 1935 and Thomas (1966) gave accounts of early attempts to estimate moisture. However, not until the aftermath of the Second World War did the use of highfrequency electrical measurements in basic research really begin to expand.…”

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A Review of Advances in Dielectric and Electrical Conductivity Measurement in Soils Using Time Domain Reflectometry

Robinson

Jones

Wraith

et al. 2003

Vadose Zone Journal

268

399

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constant) of a material emerged as an elegant method of estimating water content in porous materials. For the Substantial advances in the measurement of water content and first time the same physical property (permittivity) could bulk soil electrical conductivity (EC) using time domain reflectometry be measured for a range of scales and used to estimate (TDR) have been made in the last two decades. The key to TDR's success is its ability to accurately measure the permittivity of a material water content. Electromagnetic methods, whether TDR and the fact that there is a good relationship between the permittivity (localized measurement), ground penetrating radar of a material and its water content. A further advantage is the ability (two-dimensional profile), or active microwave remote to estimate water content and measure bulk soil EC simultaneously sensing (land surface), all estimate water content based using TDR. The aim of this review is to summarize and examine on the permittivity of the target medium. A further advances that have been made in terms of measuring permittivity and advance was the development of analysis methods using bulk EC. The review examines issues such as the effective frequency TDR. Time domain reflectometry was adapted to estiof the TDR measurement and waveform analysis in dispersive dielecmate both soil water content (Hoekstra and Delaney, trics. The growing importance of both waveform simulation and in-1974; Topp et al., 1980) and soil bulk EC simultaneously verse analysis of waveforms is highlighted. Such methods hold great (Dalton et al., 1984). In spite of decades of research, potential for obtaining far more information from TDR waveform analysis. Probe design is considered in some detail and practical guid-we are only beginning to efficiently utilize electrical ance is given for probe construction. The importance of TDR measuretechnology that ranges from satellite and airborne radar ment sampling volume is considered and the relative energy storage to ground penetrating radar and localized sensors such density is modeled for a range of probe designs. Tables are provided as TDR and impedance probes. that compare some of the different aspects of commercial TDR equip-The underlying success of these techniques can be ment, and the units are discussed in terms of their performance and considered in two parts, the first of which is the equiptheir advantages and disadvantages. It is hoped that the review will ment's ability to accurately measure the bulk dielectric provide an informative guide to the more technical aspects of permitpermittivity and EC of a material. The second is the close tivity and EC measurement using TDR for the novice and expert alike.relationship between the measured permittivity and the volumetric water content, or the ionic concentration and the bulk EC of the material. This review concentrates

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The electrical properties of soil at frequencies up to 100 megacycles per second; with a note on the resistivity of ground in the United Kingdom

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

Dielectric properties of soils at UHF and microwave frequencies

Dielectric properties of soils at UHF and microwave frequencies

Mapping and predicting electrical conductivity variations across southern England using airborne electromagnetic data

A Review of Advances in Dielectric and Electrical Conductivity Measurement in Soils Using Time Domain Reflectometry

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