The embodied energy and emissions of a high-rise education building: A quantification using process-based hybrid life cycle inventory model

Assessment of embodied energy and global warming potential of building construction using life cycle analysis approach: Case studies of residential buildings in Iskandar Malaysia

“…Whereas, cast in-situ buildings produced 85.6% and 14.4% of embodied energy for material and construction stage. The results obtained are relatively low when compared with the results from researchers Chang [10] and Nässén [9] as their result was about 90% for material and 10% for construction. This is due to high energy used for machineries during construction, especially mobile cranes and piling machines which gains its high energy contribution from diesel.…”

“…In this paper, we focus on assembly phase that makes up part of the embodied energy used by residential buildings, in Iskandar Malaysia. Chang [10] stated that construction energy includes the diesel, gasoline and electricity used by construction machineries such as excavators, bull dozers, loaders and cranes. Chang also mentioned that embodied energy is dominated by building material manufacturing (90%), and transportation and construction only 4% and 6% respectively.…”

A Cradle to Handover Life Cycle Assessment of External Walls: Choice of Materials and Prognosis of Elements

“…Recent studies have carried out analyses of different types of constructions, such as buildings [44][45][46][47][48] or pavements [49][50][51][52], exclusively considering stages A1-A5 or similar (A1-A4 and A1-A3). The objective of these works is to help researchers conduct environmental assessments in a fast, effective and sustainable way [44], and provide tools that contribute to a better practice of the stages involved in the construction.…”

Biomass direct-fired power generation system in China: An integrated energy, GHG emissions, and economic evaluation for Salix

“…Also, the tiered hybrid model presents a broad range of application, such as renewable energy (Lu and Zhang, 2010;Zhai and Williams, 2010), particularly for biomass conversion systems, e.g. household biogas digesters (Zhang et al, 2013a), biomass gasification (Wang et al, 2012) and pelletization , buildings (Chang et al, 2012;Chang et al, 2013;Han et al, 2013), industrial parks (Dong et al, 2013) and new energy explorations, such as shale gas production in China (Chang et al, 2014a).…”