The Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunch as the Potential Source of Biomass in Furfural Production in Indonesia: Preliminary Process Design and Environmental Perspective

Majesty, Kirstie Imelda; Herdiansyah, Herdis

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1363/1/012096

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…Therefore, the oil palm industry is now at the stage of seeking more value-added products, not only from oil and kernel, but also from its biomass. EFB of oil palm is now regarded as a potential feedstock to produce a variety of renewable and valuable biofuel and bio-based chemicals that can be derived from sugar, cellulose and lignocellulose, using furfural [18]. Hence, there is increasing ample opportunity to convert the available lignocellulosic biomass residues into pulp and paper, paperboard, medium density fibreboard (MDF) and other composites [19].…”

Section: Papermaking Potential Of Opefb Fibrementioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) – Alternative Fibre Source for Papermaking

Noah¹

2022

Elaeis Guineensis

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Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) is one of the most economical perennial oil crops for its valuable oil-producing fruits in tropical regions such as West Africa and South-East Asia. During oil extraction process, these fruits are usually stripped from the fruit bunches leaving behind empty bunches to be discarded as residues. Thus, empty fruit bunches (EFB) of Elaeis guineensis are usually considered as waste in the oil palm industry. The abundance of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) has created enormous environmental issue, ranging from fouling, attraction of pests, greenhouse gas emissions to soil acidification, thus posing very serious threats to humans and the environment. Globally, in 2014 alone, over 22.4 million tons of EFB were estimated to have been produced. Therefore, exploring eco-friendly disposal methods and productive utilisation of oil palm EFB as alternative fibrous material for papermaking becomes imperative in converting waste to wealth, and initiating environmental wellness. Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre on the average measures 0.99 μm in length, while the fibre diameter and cell wall thickness are 19.1 μm and 3.38 μm respectively. Fibres of EFB are of ligno-cellulosic materials, consisting on the average of an estimated cellulosic content of 30–50%, 15–35% of hemicelluloses and the lignin constituting about 20–30% of extractive-free fibre. The rich cellulose base of EFB fibre makes Elaeis guineensis a good potential resource for papermaking furnish moreso that the pulp and paper industry is often referred to as the cellulose industry. Every 5 tons of EFB gives 1 ton of pulp for papermaking. This book chapter will therefore attempt to examine the fibre morphological characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch, the chemical properties of EFB fibre, papermaking potentials of empty fruit bunches and ultimately their impact on the environment.

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Section: Papermaking Potential Of Opefb Fibrementioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) – Alternative Fibre Source for Papermaking

Noah¹

2022

Elaeis Guineensis

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Sustainable strategies for anaerobic digestion of oil palm empty fruit bunches in Indonesia: a review

Suhartini

Hidayat

Rohma

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sustainable Energy

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Prediction of hardness of palm inter-fruitlet membrane reinforced high-density polyethylene-waste (HDPEw) composites

Ndukwe,

Azolibe,

Okon

et al. 2024

Acta per tech

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This study concerns the prediction of the hardness of reinforced high-density polyethylene waste (HDPEw) composites. The locally sourced palm inter-fruitlet membrane served as the reinforcing (filler) material while the Yoghurt Can wastes constituted the polymer matrix. The palm inter-fruitlet membrane, used for the study were pulverized and sieved to fine particle sizes. All filler particles passed through a mesh of 250 ?m. Consequently, the filler sample was characterized using DTA, TGA, and FTIR techniques whereas SEM was used to study the morphology of the produced composite. Different weight-percentage compositions of the filler were used to produce the examined samples with the following formulations: 100 % LDPEw, 6wt.%, 12wt.%, 18wt.%, and 24wt.% filler composites using the compression moulding method. On the other hand, hardness, flexural, tensile, and impact strengths were conducted to understand the mechanical behaviour of the produced composites. Multiple regression and artificial neural networks were used to predict the experimental hardness values in consideration of other independent variables like composite formulations, tensile, flexural, and impact strengths. The result of the TGA analysis showed the weight loss and degradation of the organic constituents in the filler while the DTA study revealed a variety of thermal occurrences and transitions indicating dehydration, phase change, and filler disintegration. The maximum hardness value of 76.67 HV was recorded for the composite with 24 wt.% filler while the composite formulation with 12 wt.% filler had the highest flexural and impact strengths of 41.87 MPa and 0.4979 J/mm2 respectively. The composite composition with 18 wt.% filler gave the highest tensile strength of 39.04 MPa. The unequal distribution of the filler within the HDPEw matrix was revealed by the SEM micrographs. The more uniformly dispersed composites with 12 and 18 wt.% fillers were seen to have improved mechanical properties whereas the reverse was the case for the 24 wt.% filler composite formulation which was found to exhibit directional reinforcement zones. The mean squared error assessment of the predicted hardness values indicated that predictions by multiple regression were more accurate than those that were obtained by ANN. This outcome could be caused by the relative linearity of the examined variables.

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The Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunch as the Potential Source of Biomass in Furfural Production in Indonesia: Preliminary Process Design and Environmental Perspective

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) – Alternative Fibre Source for Papermaking

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) – Alternative Fibre Source for Papermaking

Sustainable strategies for anaerobic digestion of oil palm empty fruit bunches in Indonesia: a review

Prediction of hardness of palm inter-fruitlet membrane reinforced high-density polyethylene-waste (HDPEw) composites

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