Mangrove forests in the northern coastal region of Pantai Bahagia Village, Muara Gembong, Bekasi Regency, West Java, form a crucial component of the livelihoods of coastal communities. However, mangrove systems are being degraded and lost at an alarming rate due to their conversion to aquaculture and abrasion since 1992. To overcome this problem, community of fishermen, naming themselves as Kelompok Sadar Wisata and Kelompok Bahagia Berkarya voluntarily started mangrove cultivation and began to implement Community-Based Mangrove Management (CBMM) with various approaches and outcomes. This study will examine and the participatory level of the CBMM practice within the community, analyze the achieved rehabilitation and its strategies to accomplish sustainable management of mangrove resources in the village through qualitative and descriptive statistic methods. The local data on institutions, socio-economic conditions, and mangrove resources utilization will be collected through in depth interviews with 40 key actors from 15 households. The study resulted that the degree of participatory in Pantai Bahagia Village is in the Delegated Power level, which means that citizen is given the permit to utilize the area to independently cultivate the mangrove area as long as it complies with government’s regulation.

Mangrove forests in the northern coastal region of Karangsong Village, Indramayu Regency, West Java, form a crucial component of the livelihoods of coastal communities. The objective of this research is to know the diversity of species and mangrove vegetation based on growth level. The research method is explorative survey technique method. The data collection for the research vegetation data from 10 plots divided from observed tracks. This study resulted in the observation 9 species of plants: Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Terminalia catappa, Casuarina equisetifolia, Ziziphus mauritiana, and Thespesia populnea. From the analysis, it is known Rhizopora mucronata are the dominant species in the Karangsong Village Mangrove Ecotourism area within three growth phases (seedling, sapling, and mature), which evidenced from the frequency of their presence in 7 (seven) sample plots. Based on the analysis of data obtained, the index of diversity (H’) of vegetation in mangroves and coastal of study area is 1.75, which means that this area has medium vegetation diversity. The calculated Dominancy Index for Karangsong Village Mangrove Ecotourism area is 0.210, which indicates that mangrove species has scattered growth pattern, thus means moderately high in diversity.

Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunches (EPOFB) is a residual biomass from Palm Oil Industry (POI), which known to be produced in large quantity in Indonesia every year. EPOFB is now regarded as a potential feedstock to produce a variety of renewable and valuable biofuel and bio-based chemicals that can be derived from sugar, cellulose, and lignocelluloses, including furfural. Furfural is a bio-based chemical that can be obtained from cellulose that is contained within empty palm oil fruit bunches (EPOFB). Furfural can be used as a platform chemical for the production of a wide range of value-added products, such as the fuel additive methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), which is a more environmentally friendly alternative anti-knocking agent compared to lead. However, furfural has never reached commercial use in any significant volume because its industrial development was relatively slow due to the low yield is obtained in the process. This study will explain the potential of waste biomass as EPOFB that can be obtained from palm oil industry in Indonesia. This study will also decide the biorefinery technology design that is applicable in Indonesia to process to be used to convert cellulose and lignocelluloses from EPOFB to furfural; which contains three main stages: separation of the biomass, hydrolysis, and purification process. The process simulation results in 26.58% of distilled furfural from 50 ton/day EPOFB as the basis.

Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems along the northern coastline of Java Island form the mangrove forests into an ecosystem rich in interacting biodiversity, one of which is in Pantai Bahagia Village in Muara Gembong District, Bekasi Regency, West Java. From year 1999 to 2014, the mangrove forests in this village continued to experience degradation; mostly due to anthropogenic factors, namely the conversion of mangrove land into ponds by coastal communities which caused coastal erosion to continue to occur in this region, the absence of wave barriers, so that seawater intrusion became high, and the tidal flood which caused enormous losses for residents who mostly had livelihoods as pond farmers. Previous researches had indicated that the mangrove conditions in Pantai Bahagia Village are categorized as severely damaged and have low biodiversity conditions, so the urgency to carry out rehabilitation is classified as high. Until 2018 community participation has begun to emerge in rehabilitating mangrove forests, but is still relatively low and has not been able to match the rate of damage. A study was conducted on 30 Pantai Bahagia villagers who have a high level of concern and participation in managing mangroves to analyze the internal and external factors, which encourage or discourage community participation and develop strategies to increase community participation in rehabilitating mangrove Pantai Bahagia Village to formulate 5 (five) alternative strategies. The proposed solutions are evaluated based on those determinants, and the rank is calculated based on the implementation criteria, namely: effectiveness, cost, duration, and sustainability using AHP as a tool in the decision-making process in solving the problems with high complexity. It is determined that the prioritized alternative to be implemented in the community of Pantai Bahagia Village in Muara Gembong District is to held capacity building like workshop and training to develop alternative livelihood & income, as it is the most sustainable, economical, and effective alternative in encouraging the community willingness in voluntarily manage the mangrove ecosystem.

Indonesia’s forest fires and peatlands became a global concern in 2015, when 33% of the 2.6 million hectares of land that burned that year occurred on peatlands. One of the current strategies to control the spread of forest fires is to restore 2.4 million hectares of the peatland which had burned in 2015, by 2020. Although it has been more than half of the period of the program, the idea of restoring the peatlands to control the spread of fires have increased by over 60%, compared to the same period last year. Since the implementation of peat restoration policy in Indonesia over three years ago, there is still no example of a successfully restored peat area. However, the peat restoration program includes a minimum three Components of restoration: 1) Ecology, 2) Economy, and 3) Society [1], which often remain unbalanced. This research aims to review the environmental policy program of restoring 2.4 million hectare peatlands which was established at the beginning of 2016. The research will conduct a geographic analysis on the program implementation in Indonesia, also comparing this with sustainable environmental theories and successful restoration projects in the world wide wetlands.