The Evaluation of Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid on Physiological Characteristics, Proline and Essential Oil Content of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions

Abstract

Abstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid concentrations on the physiological and biochemical traits and essential oil content of chamomile under normal and heat stress conditions as induced by delayed sowing. The experiments were conducted during 2011-2012 as a factorial using a randomized complete block design with three replications, in a very hot region. The factors included five salicylic acid concentrations (0 (control), 1, 10, 25 and 100 mg¨L´1) and three chamomile cultivars (Bushehr, Bona, Bodegold). The seeds of chamomile were sown on two different sowing dates including an optimum planting date and a late planting date. The physiological traits (plant height, capitol diameter, 1000 grain weight, fresh and dried flower weight), total chlorophyll, proline and essential oil content were investigated. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of the environmental conditions (normal and heat stress) was significant on all physiological and biochemical traits with the exception of the essential oil content. The heat stress decreased physiological traits and total chlorophyll in comparison with the normal conditions but it had no significant effect on the essential oil content. Findings indicated that the application of exogenous salicylic acid improves essential oil content in chamomile cultivars under environmental heat stress conditions.

Pepper Photosynthesis, Stomatal Conductance, Transpiration, and Water Use Efficiency Differ with Variety, Indigenous Habitat, and Species of Origin

“…Capsicum P n values varied more in our experiment (3.6-3.7 to 16.3 mmol CO 2 /m 2 /s fixed) than they did in other experiments reported by others; for example, Ou and Zou (2012) reported that the P n of five Capsicum species varied from 15.8 to 21.8 mmol CO 2 /m 2 /s (fixed). Among pepper varieties within a species, P n also varied more in our experiment than it did in others (Ghasemi et al, 2016;Rosado-Souza et al, 2015). Borisev et al 2012reported that the P n of 10 C. annuum varieties differed from 14.5 to 16.6 mmol CO 2 /m 2 /s (fixed); the C. annuum variety P n (22 varieties) in our work ranged from 3.7 to 16.3 mmol CO 2 /m 2 /s (fixed) ( Table 1).…”

Increase of Chamazulene and α-Bisabolol Contents of the Essential Oil of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Using Salicylic Acid Treatments under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions

“…The stress produced by SA modifies the quality and quantity of the essential oil of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) [ 18 ]. The content and compounds of essential oil are different in the chamomile flower and they depend on genotype, and environmental factors such as light intensity, day length, temperature, habitat, management of production and post-harvest processes [ 19 , 20 ]. Jeshni et al indicated that drought stress caused significant effects on physiological traits, essential oil yield, and essential oil components.…”

Effect of Heat Stress on Yield, Monoterpene Content and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Mentha x piperita var. Mitcham and Mentha arvensis var. piperascens

“…The greenhouse effect increases the temperature in the world and changes the climates, therefore heat is becoming a major abiotic stress and has been recognized as an agrarian effect in various semi-arid and arid regions. High temperature creates a series of physiological and biochemical modifications in plants, which affect plant growth and development and can lead to acute reduction in economic yields [ 12 , 13 ]. Unfortunately, there is not enough information about the possible effect of heat stress on metabolite production and biological activities of medicinal plants.…”