The Evolution of Parthenogenesis: A Historical Perspective11This chapter is dedicated to Åke Gustafsson.

Active role of lagging chromosomes in spindle collapse as revealed by live phase contrast and tubulin immunostaining in grasshopper spermatocytes

“…However, in our material these putative roles seem unlikely: it affects male meiosis so cannot be related to parthenogenesis and there is absolutely no evidence that allopolyploidy has played any relevant role in the evolution of Orthoptera (White 1973;Cuéllar 1987).…”

“…Although the mechanisms of restitution are very variable and not always associated with the presence of univalents (for review see Harlan and de Wet 1975;D'Amato 1977;Cuéllar 1987), a causal relationship between univalency and restitution in the first division of meiosis has been repeatedly reported from the earliest observations of this phenomenon. In plants, the Taraxacum type of diploid (unreduced) parthenogenesis is characterised by almost complete asynapsis followed by restitution at anaphase I and a normal second division (D'Amato 1977).…”

“…In plants, the Taraxacum type of diploid (unreduced) parthenogenesis is characterised by almost complete asynapsis followed by restitution at anaphase I and a normal second division (D'Amato 1977). In animals the process of meiotic restitution is not so well studied (Moritz 1984;see also White 1973;D'Amato 1977;Cuéllar 1987 for review) but it has also been related to the presence of univalents in interspecific hybrids and meiotic mutants of grasshoppers (John and Weissman 1977;Giménez-Abián et al 1997).…”

Cytological evidence of spontaneous androgenesis in the freshwater clam Corbicula leana Prime

“…In unisexual animals various types of cytological mechanisms have been described including apomixis, premeiotic endomitosis, abortive first or second meiotic division, and cleavage nuclei fuse to restore the somatic chromosome number (Cuellar 1987;Dawley 1989). The present study demonstrates that in C. leana all the maternal chromosomes are extruded as two polar bodies and only chromosomes derived from unreduced spermatozoa contribute to zygote development.…”

Egg maturation and parthenogenetic recovery of diploidy in the scorpionLiocheles australasiae (Fabricius) (Scorpions, Ischnuridae)

“…Several types of egg maturation and parthenogenetic recovery of diploidy have been reported in various animals (Suomalainen, 1950;Cuellar, 1987). In the sawfly, Pristiphora pallipes, and the stick insect, Bacillus whitei, the oocyte nuclei becomes haploid through the maturation division.…”