The Exhausted Horse Syndrome

Foreman, Jonathan H.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30220-1

Cited by 51 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…During endurance exercise, many of the adverse clinical signs seen at veterinary checks may be associated with increased neuromuscular excitability in striated and smooth muscles [1][2][3][4] . These include heart rate arrhythmias, slower heart rate recoveries, muscle cramps and fasciculations, as well as increased or decreased intestinal motility and synchronous diaphragmatic flutter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium-free electrolytes and calcium supplementation in an endurance race

Hess

Greiwe-Crandell

Waldron³

et al. 2008

CEP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Some of the clinical signs seen in horses during endurance races may result from increases in neuromuscular excitability and are related to plasma [K þ ] and [Ca þ þ ]. The present study aimed to test the following hypotheses:(1) Potassium supplementation will affect plasma [K þ ] and may result in clinical signs related to neuromuscular hyperexcitability during an 80 km endurance ride.(2) Plasma [Ca þ þ ] will reflect dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) and calcium intake. Feeding with a high DCAB and high dietary calcium content (1.5% total calcium of daily ration) diets would lead to higher plasma [Ca þ þ ] during an endurance race than on feeding high DCAB diets with a moderate dietary calcium content (1% of total calcium of daily ration). The current study was undertaken during the 80 km endurance research ride in 2002 in Virginia, USA. Forty volunteer rider-horse pairs participated in the race. During the race, electrolyte mixtures with (EM þ K) and without (EM 2 K) potassium were supplied to 18 and 22 horses, respectively. After the race, the horses receiving EM 2 K during the race were supplied with a recovery formula containing potassium (EM-REC). The horses were fed in addition to their own forage (hay and pasture) either their own commercial concentrate (CC; 1% calcium, n ¼ 11) or one of two research-supplied concentrates during 3 months preceding the research ride, one concentrate rich in sugar and starch (SS; 2% calcium, n ¼ 15) and the other rich in fat and fibre (FF; 2% calcium, n ¼ 14). Peripheral blood samples were taken the day before, within 3 min of the arrival at the vet checks at 27, 48 and 80 km, and after 3 h of recovery. Plasma samples were analysed for pH, haematocrit (Hct), [Na þ ], [K þ ], [Cl 2 ], [Ca þ þ ], [Mg þ þ ], total protein (TP) and albumin [alb]. Effects of sampling times, treatments and interactions were evaluated by ANOVA in a mixed model with repeated measures and applied to the 25 horses that completed 80 km. Eliminated horses had their blood sampled before entering the elimination vet check and 3 h after elimination, and were compared with finishing horses by t-test. As the ride progressed, significant increases were found in plasma pH, [Na þ ], ½PO 2 4 , [TP], [alb], Hct and osmolality; and decreases in [K þ ], [Mg þ þ ], PCO 2 , [Ca þ þ ] and [Cl 2 ]. Horses supplied with potassium-free, sodium-rich electrolyte formulae (EM 2 K) had 12.5% lower (P ¼ 0.001) mean plasma [K þ ], 7.8% lower (P ¼ 0.024) TP and 8.4% lower (P ¼ 0.004) albumin at 80 km, and at 3 h after the race they had 6.8% lower (P ¼ 0.045) TP, when compared with EM þ K supplemented horses. Horses fed with SS and FF had higher [Ca þ þ ] at 27 (P ¼ 0.027), 56 (P ¼ 0.006) and 80 km (P ¼ 0.022) when compared with horses fed with CC. The lower [K þ ] in the EM 2 K group, and the higher [Ca þ þ ] in the SS-and FF-supplemented horses may help prevent increases in neuromuscular excitability and related clinical signs. The lower TP and albumin indicate less dehydration in the EM 2 K group and could help prevent re...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium-free electrolytes and calcium supplementation in an endurance race

Hess

Greiwe-Crandell

Waldron³

et al. 2008

CEP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1][2][3] The clinical presentation is variable and dependent upon the severity and speed of onset of fatigue as well as the individual horse's tolerance to physiological strain. three-day events, endurance racing, and other long-distance rides), particularly when exercise is performed in hot ambient conditions.…”

Section: History and Presenting Complaintmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…three-day events, endurance racing, and other long-distance rides), particularly when exercise is performed in hot ambient conditions. 2,3 Severely affected horses are often unwilling to continue to exercise, are depressed and are unwilling to eat or drink. In general, clinical signs are reflective of dehydration, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances, depletion of energy reserves, hyperthermia and muscle pain.…”

Section: History and Presenting Complaintmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Endocrine and metabolic disorders of the equine athlete

McGowan

Geor²

2014

Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…22,23,[55][56][57] Severe derangements may result in cardiac arrhythmias, synchronous diaphragmatic flutter, ileus and other disorders. 23,58 Some studies have identified more profound hypochloremia and other electrolyte derangements in endurance horses encountering metabolic problems during competition than in horses that complete events successfully, though the exact role of these specific imbalances in eliciting the clinical signs of concern is not always clear. [23][24][25][26] Conclusion Serum or plasma biochemistry analysis is a convenient and useful tool that can help to determine the presence of various pathologic conditions in performance horses, including inflammatory conditions of various organ systems, and potentially maladapation to training stress.…”

Section: Liver Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical abnormalities of athletic horses

McKenzie¹

2014

Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Exhausted Horse Syndrome

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

Potassium-free electrolytes and calcium supplementation in an endurance race

Potassium-free electrolytes and calcium supplementation in an endurance race

Endocrine and metabolic disorders of the equine athlete

Biochemical abnormalities of athletic horses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About