The Expanded Role of Roof-Rats (Rattus rattus) in Salmonella spp. Contamination of a Commercial Layer Farm in East Japan

Camba, Sherwin Ibasco; Valle, Fletcher P. Del; Umali, Dennis V.; Soma, Takehisa; Shirota, Kinya; Katoh, Hiromitsu; Sasai, Kazumi

doi:10.1637/0005-2086-64.1.46

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In this study, the prevalence of Corvallis in laying farm environmental samples was high when compared with the results of Moraes et al [17] and Camba et al [18]. This may have been due to the presence of rodents at the farm (OR=25, p=0.01), as rodents can be the main reservoir of this serovar, as shown in the study by Camba et al [18]. Our findings are consistent with the S. enterica Mbandaka prevalence found in the previous studies [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…S. enterica Corvallis is most commonly found in poultry carcasses following the slaughtering process in several countries, including Thailand [13], Brazil [14], Malaysia [15], and China [16]. In this study, the prevalence of Corvallis in laying farm environmental samples was high when compared with the results of Moraes et al [17] and Camba et al [18]. This may have been due to the presence of rodents at the farm (OR=25, p=0.01), as rodents can be the main reservoir of this serovar, as shown in the study by Camba et al [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

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Risk factors associated with Salmonella prevalence, its antibiotic resistance, and egg antibiotic residues in the layer farming environment

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Human salmonellosis with non-typhoidal Salmonella remains a global public health concern related to the consumption of contaminated eggs and egg-based products. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of Salmonella, antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, and egg antibiotic residues concerning risk factors associated with Salmonella contamination in eggs, the layer farming environment, and laying hens kept in battery-cage closed-housing systems. Materials and Methods: This study used a repeated cross-sectional design to collect 488 samples from eggs, laying hens, and the farm environment on one laying farm for Salmonella detection according to ISO 6579:2002/AMD 1:2007. Salmonella-positive samples were further tested for serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion test. The layer farm contact person was interviewed at the sampling time to evaluate the risk factors associated with Salmonella contamination using logistic regression analysis. For each month, 24 eggs (144 eggs in total) were also randomly sampled from the collection egg area at the farm for antibiotic residue detection using the European Four Plate Test. Results: The highest Salmonella prevalence rates were in the samples from the layer pen floors, followed by the egg sizing machine (ESM) and eggshells at 65.5%, 52.5%, and 15%, respectively. Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis was the dominant serovar (48.38%), followed by Mbandaka (37.76%), Braenderup (14.29%), and Typhimurium (4.08%). Rodent presence at the farm and the frequency of changing the disinfectant foot dip were significant factors related to Salmonella contamination on the pen floors (odds ratio [OR]=22.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.11-240.48, p=0.01; OR=24, 95% CI=2.78-206.96, p=0.004, respectively). Hand-washing before sorting and cleaning the ESM were the significant factors (OR=13, 95% CI=1.2-140.73, p=0.04). The most resistant Salmonella isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline. One isolate of S. enterica Typhimurium was resistant to cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, and oxytetracycline. The antibiotic residues in the egg yolks were streptomycin, enrofloxacin, and tetracycline at prevalence rates of 36.11%, 11.81%, and 7.64%, respectively. Streptomycin was the most abundant residue in the albumen and yolk, followed by tetracycline. Conclusion: Salmonella prevalence in layer farming with a closed-housing system is related to effective biosecurity and hygiene issues, such as rodent control, clean farm equipment, and good worker hygiene. In addition, eggs' antibiotic residues may be related to treating antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella isolates and medicated feed with inappropriate antibiotic withdrawal time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Risk factors associated with Salmonella prevalence, its antibiotic resistance, and egg antibiotic residues in the layer farming environment

et al. 2022

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“…The relative prevalences of Salmonella serotypes changed over time; first, S. Potsdam gradually replaced S. Infantis in rats. The same shift in dominant serovars was then observed in the poultry house environment and in eggs (10). This environment needs the protection afforded by the important and effective tool in managing and controlling Salmonella infection in laying flocks which rodent control programmes are (66).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Bacterial and viral rodent-borne infections on poultry farms. An attempt at a systematic review

Domańska-Blicharz

Opolska

Lisowska

et al. 2023

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction Rodents are quite common at livestock production sites. Their adaptability, high reproductive capacity and omnivorousness make them apt to become a source of disease transmission to humans and animals. Rodents can serve as mechanical vectors or active shedders of many bacteria and viruses, and their transmission can occur through direct contact, or indirectly through contaminated food and water or by the arthropods which parasitise infected rodents. This review paper summarises how rodents spread infectious diseases in poultry production. Material and Methods The aim of this review was to use PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) principles to meta-analyse the available data on this topic. Three databases – PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus – and grey literature were searched for papers published from inception to July 2022 using the established keywords. Results An initial search identified 2,999 articles that met the criteria established by the keywords. This number remained after removing 597 articles that were repeated in some databases. The articles were searched for any mention of specific bacterial and viral pathogens. Conclusion The importance of rodents in the spread of bacterial diseases in poultry has been established, and the vast majority of such diseases involved Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus (MRSA), Pasteurella, Erysipelothrix or Yersinia infections. Rodents also play a role in the transmission of viruses such as avian influenza virus, avian paramyxovirus 1, avian gammacoronavirus or infectious bursal disease virus, but knowledge of these pathogens is very limited and requires further research to expand it.

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“…However, the functional role that peridomestic (i.e., living in and around human habitations) rodents serve in the amplification and transmission of various zoonoses is likely underappreciated. Clear links have been identified between rodent pests and outbreaks of zoonotic diseases throughout Europe and Asia [8][9][10][11][12]; yet, little research has been devoted to studying this relationship in the United States [4,13]. Specifically, regional studies focused on specific rodent species and their pathogen reservoir status across the diverse agricultural landscapes of the United States are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopore-Based Surveillance of Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens in Farm-Dwelling Peridomestic Rodents

et al. 2021

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The effective control of rodent populations on farms is crucial for food safety, as rodents are reservoirs and vectors for several zoonotic pathogens. Clear links have been identified between rodents and farm-level outbreaks of pathogens throughout Europe and Asia; however, comparatively little research has been devoted to studying the rodent–agricultural interface in the USA. Here, we address this knowledge gap by metabarcoding bacterial communities of rodent pests collected from Minnesota and Wisconsin food animal farms. We leveraged the Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer to provide a rapid real-time survey of putative zoonotic foodborne pathogens, among others. Rodents were live trapped (n = 90) from three dairy and mixed animal farms. DNA extraction was performed on 63 rodent colons along with 2 shrew colons included as outgroups in the study. Full-length 16S amplicon sequencing was performed. Our farm-level rodent-metabarcoding data indicate the presence of multiple foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium spp., along with many mastitis pathogens circulating within five rodent species (Microtus pennsylvanicus, Mus musculus, Peromyscus leucopus, Peromyscus maniculatus, and Rattus norvegicus) and a shrew (Blarina brevicauda). Interestingly, we observed a higher abundance of enteric pathogens (e.g., Salmonella) in shrew feces compared to the rodents analyzed in our study. Knowledge gained from our research efforts will directly inform and improve farm-level biosecurity efforts and public health interventions to reduce future outbreaks of foodborne and zoonotic disease.

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The Expanded Role of Roof-Rats (Rattus rattus) in Salmonella spp. Contamination of a Commercial Layer Farm in East Japan

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Risk factors associated with Salmonella prevalence, its antibiotic resistance, and egg antibiotic residues in the layer farming environment

Risk factors associated with Salmonella prevalence, its antibiotic resistance, and egg antibiotic residues in the layer farming environment

Bacterial and viral rodent-borne infections on poultry farms. An attempt at a systematic review

Nanopore-Based Surveillance of Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens in Farm-Dwelling Peridomestic Rodents

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