The external carotid artery of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

Dyrud, Jarl E.

doi:10.1002/ar.1090900103

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A morfologia destes vasos evidencia que: a passagem do sangue para o cérebro tem modelo distinto nos primatas vivos conforme Conroy & Packer (1981) e Feagle (1988. O principal suprimento sanguíneo para a cabeça dos primatas, analisado sob o ponto de vista das relações filéticas de primatas vivos e fósseis, provém dos seguintes vasos: nos símios, as artérias carótidas internas e as vertebrais; no gibão, as artérias são iguais às do homem, isto é, as carótidas internas e vertebrais (De Vriese 1905); nos mamíferos, as artérias carótidas externas e internas e a artéria estapedial (Dyrud 1944 Biota Neotrop., vol. 9, no.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Outros estudos (De Vriese 1905) argumentam que as aci do homem são iguais às do chimpanzé (Sperino 1897) ou iguais às do gibão. Artérias carótidas internas dividindo-se em dois ramos terminais são contempladas no chimpanzé (Shellshear 1930); no Cereophitecidae e Cebidae (Watts 1934b); no macaco rhesus (Dyrud 1944, Lineback 1961, Weinstein & Redges 1962; no gorila (Raven & Hill 1950); no homem (Testut & Latarjet 1954) e nos Cebídeos Hill (1960) aposta morfologia semelnhante a este estudo no C. apella. A ace no curto trajeto intradural apresentou-se, nos espécimes, com calibre ligeiramente inferior ao da artéria basilar (isto se comparadas na mesma observação), dado este que pode ser confrontado com o apontado por Watts (1934b), segundo o qual a artéria é referida como pouco calibrosa no macaco rhesus e 8 mm menos calibrosa do que a artéria carótida externa nos Cebídeos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…De posse dos modelos morfológicos das 60 artérias do C. apella analisadas, em função das características baseadas no binômio forma-função, deve-se levar em conta a interpretação que privilegie aspectos mais amplos além dos morfológicos, quais sejam, os ontogenéticos e os filogené-ticos, considerados por De Vriese (1905) seguida de outros autores, como Testut & Latarjet (1954), Dyrud (1944), McKenna (1966), Lazortes apud Barbosa et al (1969), Bugge (1974), Fleage (1988 e Ding et al 2007. Estes estudos reforçam a hipótese aqui levantada: a acc pode ser considerada uma anastomose de irrigação entre os sistemas vertebral e carotídico.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Outros autores destacaram que o modelo do suprimento sanguíneo cefálico arterial é primitivo ou avançado na medida em que ele se afasta ou se aproxima do modelo padrão, ao qual é atribuída a representação mais primitiva tanto na ontogenia quanto na filogenia. Os leptictids retiveram um modelo primitivo na região da orelha no período terciário (Mckenna 1966); nos carnívoros atuais há uma predominância da artéria carótida externa, sendo que os gatos apresentam obstrução proximal completa da artéria carótida interna compensada por três anastomoses (Dyrud 1944). Nos Cebídeos (Aotus trivirgatus) todo o tronco da artéria estapedial é obliterada, nos Marmosets (Saguinus midas) a parte proximal do tronco estapedial e a parte média do tronco supraorbital são obliterados (Bugge 1974).…”

Section: Materials E Métodounclassified

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O sistema carótico do encéfalo do Cebus apella sp., Linnaeus, 1766

Ferreira¹,

Prada²

2009

Biota Neotrop.

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Estudamos em trinta espécimes do primata Cebus apella sp. (Linnaeus, 1766) o sistema carótico do encéfalo em animais coletados dentro dos parâmetros internacionais de bioética e bem estar animal. O material teve o sistema arterial perfundido (água a 40 °C), injetado com látex corado (Neoprene 450, Dupont® do Brasil e Sulvinil® Corante, Glassurit), fixado em solução aquosa de Formaldeído (10%) dissecado sob lupa (RASOR - II - 20) para sistematização dos vasos. O sistema carotico é composto pela porção intracraniana e intradural dos seguimentos dependentes das artérias carótidas internas esquerda e direita, as artérias carótidas do encéfalo (ace) e seus ramos de divisões látero-mediais e ântero-mediais: as artérias cerebrais médias acm e rostrais (acr), comunicantes caudais e artérias corioídeas Está interligado, através das artérias comunicantes caudais, ao sistema vértebro-basilar (100%). A ace termina trifurcando-se (50%), ou bifurcando-se (50%) em arranjos vasculares que envolvem as acm e acr, acc e artéria corioídea. A acm é o ramo mais estável deste circuito e a acr após vascularizar os bulbos olfatórios (93,3%) anastomosa-se com a artéria contralateral formando a artéria inter-hemisférica que conecta rostralmente os leitos sanguíneos do circuito arterial da base do encéfalo. Pode-se considerar que o Cebus apella sp. depende de duas fontes de suprimento para o encéfalo: os sistemas basilar e carotídico, isto indica um grau elevado de maturidade evolutiva. A ausência de anomalias demonstra neste primata estabilidade evolutiva.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Materials E Métodounclassified

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O sistema carótico do encéfalo do Cebus apella sp., Linnaeus, 1766

Ferreira¹,

Prada²

2009

Biota Neotrop.

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“…However, this term is not encountered in human anatomy and the Nomina anatomica japonica (1987), in textbooks of primate anatomy (Lineback 1961, Bast 1961and Hill 1974 or archives on the angiology This work was presented at the 93rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Association of Anatomists in Nagoya on 2 April 1988 and also at the 374th Meeting of the Osaka Odontological Society in Osaka on 15 October 1988. (Castelli et al 1965 andDyrud 1944) of primates. Otsuka (1988) found an artery corresponding to the a. malaris in the Japanese monkey and identified this vessel as the a. malaris based on his detailed findings and the discussions given for the above other mammals.…”

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On the A. malaris of the Common Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

Ishidoh

1989

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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Summary: Detailed observations were made of the a. malaris in 11 adult common squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) utilizing the plastic injection method. The malar artery was well-developed in all 21 examples observed and arose medially from the infraorbital artery proximal to the entrance of the infraorbital canal and lateral to the obliquus inferior muscle. The a. malaris passed superomedially outside the periorbita on the orbital surface of the maxilla and curved medially in front of the muscle, where it gave rise to the infraorbital nerve, the periosteal, the inferior oblique muscular and the infraorbital marginal branches. However, these branches arose directly from the infraorbital artery in many cases. The malar artery ascended in the lower eyelid up to the bottom of the lacrimal sac, where it gave rise to the third palpebral branch and the medial inferior palpebral artery. This artery did not anastomose with peripheral branches of the supraorbital artery. The malar artery continued to pass superomedially behind the lacrimal sac and gave off the nasolacrimal canal and the lacrimal sac branches. However, the former arose in common with the latter in many cases. The malar artery finally ascended behind the medial palpebral ligament after giving off the dorsal nasal branch and the medial superior palpebral artery at the superior end of the lacrimal sac. Its main stream formed a strong communication with the dorsal nasal artery of the supraorbital artery. This communication in an arc was characteristic in the common squirrel monkey. The medial inferior and superior palpebral arteries were well-developed in all examples and formed distinct, inferior and superior palpebral arterial arches by anastomosing with the lateral fellows of the lacrimal, respectively. A large arterial ring surrounding the upper tarsus was constructed from the superior palpebral arterial arch, branches of the lateral superior palpebral artery and the palpebral branch of the supraorbital artery.

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The arterial system of the head and neck of the rhesus monkey with emphasis on the external carotid system

Castelli

Huelke

1965

Am. J. Anat.

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The arterial plan of the head and neck of 64 immature rhesus monkeys (Macacn mulatta) was studied using four techniques -dissection, corrosion preparations, cleared specimens, and angiographs. In general, the arterial plan of this area in the monkey is similar to that of man. However, certain outstanding differences were noted. The origin, course, and distribution of all arteries is described as well as the vascular relations to pertinent structures.As has been mentioned previously (Dyrud, '44; Schwartz and Huelke, '63) the rhesus monkey is useful for many types of medical and dental investigations, yet its detailed gross morphology is virtually unknown. Although certain areas of the monkey have been studied in detailbrachial plexus, facial and masticatory musculature, subclavian, axillary and coronary arteries, orbital vasculature, and other structures (Schwartz and Huelke, '63; Chase and DeGaris, '40; DeGaris and Glidden, '38; Chase, '38; Huber, '25; Weinstein and Hedges, '62; Samuel and Warwick, '55; Eyster, '44; Wagenen and Catchpole, '56; Tokarski, '31; Kennard, '41). other areas have been virtually overlooked or have received but passing attention. The literature on the arterial supply of the primate head has been adequately summarized by Dyrud ('44). Very few investigators, however, have used Macaca mulatta specimens and more importantly in most of the articles only brief descriptions have been presented with many of the pertinent morphological details not having been stated, or overlooked. Additionally, only a few specimens have been used in the majority of these works. It is our purpose to present the arterial plan of the head and neck, especially that of the external carotid arterial system. MATERIALS AND METHODSSixty-four immature rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were used for this study. All of the animals were embalmed with AM. J. ANAT., 116: 149-170.10% formalin except 17 which were unembalmed. Four different techniques were used for the study of the arterial distribution : ( 1 ) dissections -27 specimens; (2) corrosion preparations -6; (3) cleared specimens -15; ( 4 ) angiographs -16 heads ( 11 unembalmed and 5 embalmed). The arterial system of the specimens used for dissection was injected with vinyl acetate, red latex, or with a red-colored gelation mass. For the dissection of smaller arteries, the smallest of 150 ~1 in diameter, the binocular dissection microscope was used. The corrosion specimens were prepared by injecting the arteries with vinyl acetate followed by maceration of the soft tissue with potassium hydroxide (3-10% ) for 24 to 72 hours. The dye selected for injection of the cleared specimens was Teichmann's paste (Teichmann, '52) colored with cinnabar. These specimens were decalcified in 4% nitric acid and then cleared by the Spalteholtz method. The radiopaque material for the angiographs was the modified Schlessinger's mass (Reiner and Rodriguez, '57), the main components being mercury and barium sulfate.The head and neck was removed from the animal at the level of the cl...

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The external carotid artery of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

O sistema carótico do encéfalo do Cebus apella sp., Linnaeus, 1766

O sistema carótico do encéfalo do Cebus apella sp., Linnaeus, 1766

On the A. malaris of the Common Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

The arterial system of the head and neck of the rhesus monkey with emphasis on the external carotid system

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