In recent years, deep learning has drawn extensive attention from experts both at home and abroad, involving multidisciplinary fields such as learning science, foreign language learning and so on. The study starts from the theoretical framework of deep learning, and then focuses on relevant foreign studies, such as the factors affecting deep learning, application of deep leaning in multidisciplinary fields, such as learning science, and foreign language learning. Based on the above analysis, the study emphasizes on the enlightenment of deep learning on China's foreign language learning and predicts further study directions in the future.