The family structure and cultural practices of Garo community in Bangladesh: An overview

Jalil, Abdul; Oakkas, Mohammad Ali

doi:10.3126/hjsa.v5i0.7042

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The Garos have a matrilineal society; women are the main bread earner who mostly exploit the forest's biological resources. But the destruction of the indigenous Sal forest, which has become intense after the liberation war of Bangladesh, has made their task complicated [14]- [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception Based Assessment of Ecosystem Services of Madhupur Sal Forest in Bangladesh

Saha

Hasan

Haque

et al. 2021

EJFOOD

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Madhupur Sal (Shorea robusta) forest, the largest belt of natural Sal forest in Bangladesh, is rich in ecological resources and biodiversity. In recent years, human disturbance leads to biodiversity loss from the forest, and it has a successive effect on the services that the forest provides. Thus, it is crucial to explore the present condition of the forest’s available ecosystem services with local people’s consciousness about the ecosystem. The present study investigated the available ecosystem services of Madhupur Sal forest, respondents’ perception towards those services and the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents that influenced their perception. Data were collected by interviewing 90 respondents with a focus group discussion. Most of the respondents in the study area were ethnic people (Garo). A total of 20 ecosystem services were identified where soil erosion control, mental peace and maintenance of soil fertility were the top-ranked services. About 83% of the respondents had moderately favorable perception towards ecosystem services. The study results showed that the respondents with a higher level of education, higher family annual income, and more training received on agriculture perceived ecosystem services to a greater extent than others. So, improvement of their perception towards ecosystem services can make them aware of forest biodiversity conservation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception Based Assessment of Ecosystem Services of Madhupur Sal Forest in Bangladesh

Saha

Hasan

Haque

et al. 2021

EJFOOD

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“… Source: Field notes of the research team members and other sources were used to prepare the table [ 13 , 28 , 29 ]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in marital violence: A cross-ethnic study among Bengali, Garo, and Santal communities in rural Bangladesh

Karim

Rahman

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Studies on marital violence (MV) in Bangladesh have primarily focused on the women of the mainstream Bengali people, although half of the population is men, and there are also ethnic minority communities with diverse gender constructions. The current study examined the gender differences in MV among the matrilineal ethnic minority Garo, patrilineal ethnic minority Santal, and the patrilineal mainstream Bengali communities in rural Bangladesh. Adopting a cross-sectional design, we randomly included 1,929 currently married men and women from 24 villages. We used cross-tabulations as well as multivariate logistic regressions to estimate the ethnic and gender differences in MV. Data revealed that women were widely exposed to different types of MV, while only a few men experienced such abuses. It showed that 95.6% of the women experienced emotional abuse, 63.5% physical abuse, 71.4% sexual abuse, and 50.6% poly-victimization, whereas these rates were quite low among the men (emotional = 9.7%, physical = 0.7%, sexual = 0.1%). No men reported poly-victimization. The odds ratio (OR) for emotional, physical, and sexual MV were respectively, 184.44 (95% CI = 93.65−363.24, p<0.001), 449.23 (95% CI = 181.59−1111.35, p<0.001), and 2789.71(95% CI = 381.36−20407.08, p<0.001) for women compared to men. Data further revealed that matrilineal Garo women experienced less MV (emotional = 90.7%, physical = 53.4%, sexual = 64.0%, poly = 38.8%) than the patrilineal Santal (emotional = 99.4%, physical = 67.3%, sexual = 71.3%, poly = 53.9%) and Bengali women (emotional = 96.6%, physical = 69.6%, sexual = 78.8%, poly = 58.9%). Multivariate regressions also showed that the Bengali society perpetrated more physical (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.27−2.85, p = 0.002) and sexual (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.34−3.10, p = 0.001) MV than the Garo society. It appears that MV is largely a gendered issue in the country. Though both women and men can be the victims of MV, the nature/extent of victimization noticeably differs according to the social organization. Matrilineal society appears to be less abusive than the patrilineal one. Interventions aimed to prevent domestic violence in rural Bangladesh should take these findings into account.

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“…The findings of the study also implied that earlier, although the women's status was higher in the Garo family than the men's, and the decision-making power in the Garo family rested on the female members (since they lived in a matriarchal society), at present, both male and female members have equal rights and are participating in the decision-making process. In this regard, Jalil (2012) supported the findings that in modern society, the Garo female head does not have the authority to make any decisions alone in the family (Jalil & Oakkas, 2012). Besides, another finding of the study implied that in terms of childcare and taking care of children's education, both male and female members are now playing a gigantic role, whereas in the past, most of the family responsibility rested with the women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Although the Garo people are the ethnically and socially backward section of Bangladesh, most of the Garo women are now coming forward to participate in various development programs for their social development. Jalil and Oakkas (2012) articulate that the family pattern of the Garo community is matriarchal and since the Garo families somehow live together with Bengali families, the Garo people are influenced by the Bengali family structure (Jalil & Oakkas, 2012). The findings of the study also implied that earlier, although the women's status was higher in the Garo family than the men's, and the decision-making power in the Garo family rested on the female members (since they lived in a matriarchal society), at present, both male and female members have equal rights and are participating in the decision-making process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous Garo Women's Role in Family Transformation in Bangladesh

Rashid

Ahmed

Nokrek

et al. 2022

IJSSRR

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The study aims to explore the roles of indigenous Garo women in transforming their families in Bangladesh. A quantitative approach was applied to conduct the study while the social survey method was used to collect data and information. The study reveals that the socio-economic status of Garo women is very poor as 35% of them completed the primary level of education and 40% passed the secondary level of education while 64% of Garo women are day laborers and 61% are loan receivers. Conventional role-female headship has been changing overwhelmingly as both husband and wife are playing vibrant roles in the family building where 80% of family decisions are being taken jointly. Though the traditional role of female headship is being changed, women have to perform 69% of household activities. Their participation in local social organizations is impressive (74%) but they are reluctant to involve in local politics.

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The family structure and cultural practices of Garo community in Bangladesh: An overview

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Perception Based Assessment of Ecosystem Services of Madhupur Sal Forest in Bangladesh

Perception Based Assessment of Ecosystem Services of Madhupur Sal Forest in Bangladesh

Gender differences in marital violence: A cross-ethnic study among Bengali, Garo, and Santal communities in rural Bangladesh

Indigenous Garo Women's Role in Family Transformation in Bangladesh

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