The Fatty Acids of Human Milk. Ii. Alterations Produced by Manipulation of Caloric Balance and Exchange of Dietary Fats*†

Insull, William; Hirsch, Jules; James, T.C.; Ahrens, E. H.

doi:10.1172/jci103819

Cited by 251 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…High-carbohydrate, low-fat diets commonly consumed in many developing countries are known to enhance endogenous MC and ICSFA biosynthesis in the mammary gland during lactation. This was established as early as 1958 (Insull et al, 1958) and largely con®rmed since. In the Congo, the mean daily consumption of processed cassava roots (foufou and chickwangue) is $ 800 g, that is 35% of mean total energy intake, the second highest value in the world (Tre Áche, 1995b).…”

Section: Mothers' Diets and Breast-milk Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Lipid content and essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of mature Congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status: Impact on infants' EFA supply

Rocquelin¹,

Tapsoba²,

Dop³

et al. 1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To measure the lipid content and the fatty acid (FA) composition of breast milk as part of a nutritional survey of the essential fatty acid (EFA) status of 5 months old Congolese infants. Design: Cross sectional nutrition survey. Setting: A suburban district of Brazzaville (capital of the Congo). Subjects: A random sample of nursing mothers and their 5 months old infants (n 102). Data collection procedures: The mothers were questionned on their socio-economic status, dietary habits, and their body mass index (BMI) was measured. Breast milk samples were collected from each mother. Milk lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined. Results: Compared with milk from various countries, Congolese women's mature breast milk was low in lipid (28.70 AE 11.33 gaL) but rich in 8:0±14:0 FAs (25.97 AE 8.17% of total FAs) and in polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), particularly n-3 PUFAs (2.39 AE 0.68% of total FAs, mainly 18:3 and 22:6). This was associated with the frequent consumption of high-carbohydrate foods (processed cassava roots, wheat bread, doughnuts) known to enhance 8:0±14:0 FA biosynthesis, and with that of foods providing n-6 and n-3 EFAs such as freshwater and saltwater ®sh, vegetable oil, green leafy vegetables, and high-fat fruit (peanuts, avocado, bushbutter). These foods were traditionally and locally produced. Milk lipid content was negatively related with mothers' BMI (P`0.01) and varied with the frequency of consumption of certain foods corresponding to distinct dietary patterns. Conclusions: Lipid content and FA composition of Congolese breast milk were dependent on mother's nutritional status. However, despite an adequate EFA composition of breast milk, partially breast-fed 5 months old Congolese infants probably did not get enough n-6 and n-3 EFAs from breast milk to meet their EFA requirements. Sponsorship: Supported in part by the French Ministry of Research (contract no. 92.L.0728) and INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique).

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Section: Mothers' Diets and Breast-milk Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Lipid content and essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of mature Congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status: Impact on infants' EFA supply

Rocquelin¹,

Tapsoba²,

Dop³

et al. 1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…In contrast to most formulas, all human milk contains DHA and AA, but the concentration of these very long-chain fatty acids is quite variable. The fatty acid pattern of human milk lipids is highly in¯uenced by fatty acid composition of maternal diet, as demonstrated by Thiemich in 1899 (Thiemich 1899) and subsequently con®rmed in several other studies (Insull et al, 1959;Harris et al, 1984;Innis & Kuhnlein, 1988;Henderson et al, 1992). Innis & Kuhnlein (1988) found that Inuit women in Canada, with large amounts of very long-chain n-3 fatty acids in their diet, had higher levels of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, in their milk compared to women from Vancouver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Fatty acid composition in maternal milk and plasma during supplementation with cod liver oil

et al. 1998

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“…The results clearly demonstrated that the CLA isomers in the milk reflected those of dietary fat, based on Ag-HPLC analyses. It had previously been shown that under conditions of energy deficiency, lactating women produced milk that resembled the fatty acid pattern of their adipose tissue, but when energy was adequate, the dietary fatty acids were the major influence (Insull et al 1959). We have previously studied t-18 : 1 isomers in human milk and found its distribution pattern to be similar to that in partially hydrogenated vegetable oil in the diet (Chen et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferential incorporation of <I>trans</I>, <I>trans</I>-conjugated linoleic acid isomers into the liver of suckling rats

Yang

Yeung

Huang

et al. 2002

British Journal of Nutrition

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The present study was designed to compare the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomeric distribution pattern in the liver of suckling rats in relation to those in the milk and maternal diet. Silver-ion HPLC was used to separate individual CLA isomers. It was found that the isomeric distribution pattern in the milk was very similar to that in the maternal dietary fat. However, the CLA isomeric distribution patterns in the liver phospholipids (PL) and triacylglycerols were different from those in the diet and milk. In the liver PL, total cis/trans isomers accounted for 63·6-63·9 % of total CLA, which was in contrast to the values of 88·1-89·1 % in the milk and diet. In the liver PL, total trans/trans isomers were 20·6-20·8 % of the total CLA isomers whereas they were only 2·6-3·7 % in the milk and diet. It is concluded that trans/trans-CLA were preferentially incorporated into the liver whereas for the incorporation of cis/trans-CLA there was partial discrimination.

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The Fatty Acids of Human Milk. Ii. Alterations Produced by Manipulation of Caloric Balance and Exchange of Dietary Fats*†

Cited by 251 publications

References 11 publications

Lipid content and essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of mature Congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status: Impact on infants' EFA supply

Lipid content and essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of mature Congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status: Impact on infants' EFA supply

Fatty acid composition in maternal milk and plasma during supplementation with cod liver oil

Preferential incorporation of <I>trans</I>, <I>trans</I>-conjugated linoleic acid isomers into the liver of suckling rats

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