The Feasibility of Gamma Irradiation for Developing Malaria Vaccine

Syaifudin, Mukh; Tetriana, Devita; Darlina, Darlina; Nurhayati, Siti

doi:10.17146/aij.2011.75

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is only at this dose that they can be sure that the parasites are weak enough for the vaccine, but are still alive [31]. Our experiment on blood (erythrocytic) stage parasites also revealed that this dose of irradiation was most effective dose for attenuating the parasites to obtain vaccine material [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Evaluation of Immune Response in Mouse Blood Post Injection with Gamma Ray-Attenuated Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei

Syaifudin¹,

Darlina²,

Rahardjo³

et al. 2014

UCMS

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Abstract:Ionizing radiation has been successfully used to attenuate parasites for malaria vaccine development. To get a deeper insight in the immune response post injection of irradiated pre-erythrocytic stage of malaria parasites (sporozoites), we used Plasmodium berghei as a model. Anopheles sp. with infective parasites in their salivary glands was irradiated with 0-225 Gy of gamma rays. The isolated sporozoites were intravenously injected into groups of mouse followed by a booster and challenge in interval time of 2-4 weeks. The detection of parasite in the infected mosquito was done with nested-PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Immune response in mouse blood was examined with ELISA (enzime-linked immunosorbent assay) and protein profile of irradiated sporozoites was studied with SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). By using Anopheles farauti as the more susceptible mosquito to parasite infection, based on molecular detection and parasites observation in mouse blood, there was low or no effect of irradiated sporozoites on the immune responses in mouse serum. Some factors affecting these results are discussed. There was a slight alteration of protein profile of sporozoite infected salivary glands post gamma ray irradiation except for its band intensity, indicating the low effectiveness of gamma irradiation at optimal dose. It can be concluded that irradiated sporozoite as vaccine materials was failed in eliciting immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Evaluation of Immune Response in Mouse Blood Post Injection with Gamma Ray-Attenuated Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei

Syaifudin¹,

Darlina²,

Rahardjo³

et al. 2014

UCMS

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“…Our study also revealed that at least 150 Gy radiation dose was needed to weakened the malaria parasites [5]. Until now a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies have been used as a powerful tool to evaluate malaria vaccine since the mid-1980s [6].…”

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confidence: 63%

“…A detail protocol of SDS-PAGE can be found in our previous publication [8][9][10]. The molecular weight marker was run on the first well of the gel.…”

Section: Protein Profile Study By Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-polyacrylamimentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Infectivity Study of Cryopreserved Irradiated Intraerythrocytic Form of Plasmodium falciparum

et al. 2017

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In control human malaria infection studies using irradiated Plasmodium falciparum, the cell bank of irradiated P. falciparum infected erythrocytes is needed. The cell banking methods represent an obvious way to obtain suitable material for blood stage Plasmodium. In a cell bank development of irradiated Plasmodium infected erythrocytes, the ability to cryopreserve procedure of Plasmodium is important to recover the infectivity of irradiated Plasmodium. This study aims at evaluating the in vitro infectivity of cryopreserved irradiated intra-erythrocytic form of P. falciparum. A protein profile investigation using Sodium Dodecyl SulfatePolyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of cryopreserved irradiated P. falciparum also conducted in this study to know the cryopreserved effect on the protein of irradiated P. falciparum. Plasmodium falciparum of 3D7 strain in human erythrocytes was maintained in in vitro continuous culture. When the percentage of parasites was 1020 %, the culture was harvested and irradiated with gamma rays at a dose of 175 Gy. Irradiated P. falciparum then was mixed with cryopreserved solution and stored in -80 °C for one hour before transferred into liquid nitrogen for 20, 40 and 60 days. After being stored the irradiated P. falciparum was thawed and cultured for 20 days. The percentage of parasitaemia was enumerated by examining Giemsa stained thin blood films prepared for 20 days after initiation of culture. Results showed that storage time significantly (p<0.05) influence the percentage of parasitaemia. The cooling procedure and cryopreservation media may affect this study results. It also showed that there was insignificant difference of irradiated P. falciparum protein profile in all storage times. Overall it can be assumed that the irradiated P. falciparum still kept their infectivity after stored in liquid nitrogen for 60 days. Further study using different cooling procedure and different formula of cryopreservation media with a longer storage time should be conduct to validate this study results. There were different targets in malaria cycle for developing malaria vaccines. Pre-erythrocytic Atom Indonesia Vol. 43 No. 3 (2017) 167 -171 Atom Indonesia Journal homepage: http://aij.batan.go.id 167 S. Nurhayati et al. / Atom Indonesia Vol. 43 No. 3 (2017) 167 -171 11 vaccine aims to prevent sporozoites entry and develop in the liver, while asexual blood-stage vaccine prevents disease by targeting merozoite invasion and intra-erythrocytic development; and the transmission-blocking vaccine targets on the sexual and sporogonic stages to prevent parasite development in the mosquito [2].Eventhough developing a vaccine using ionizing radiation has some advantage because it can remove chemical contaminants and penetrate pathogens to damage the DNA, but it has not been pursued avidly over the past 20 years. There are two reasons why radiation technology was no longer used in vaccine development. First, the development of new radiation techniques has been considered impractical or di...

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“…Therefore, determination of the dose of gammairradiation which will produce attenuated parasites without affecting the pre-erythrocytic and erythrocyte stabilities is the ultimate goal of many studies on irradiation vaccine. It is thought that the amount of radiation required to render the parasites nonviable is about 150 Gy for an inoculum of certain number of parasites [17,18]. It means that a most important step is to determine minimum dose of irradiation required to adequately attenuate each sporozoite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Gamma Rays in Attenuating Rodent Malaria Parasites of Plasmodium berghei in Blood of Mice

et al. 2013

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The Feasibility of Gamma Irradiation for Developing Malaria Vaccine

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Evaluation of Immune Response in Mouse Blood Post Injection with Gamma Ray-Attenuated Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei

Evaluation of Immune Response in Mouse Blood Post Injection with Gamma Ray-Attenuated Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei

<em>In Vitro</em> Infectivity Study of Cryopreserved Irradiated Intraerythrocytic Form of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>

Effectiveness of Gamma Rays in Attenuating Rodent Malaria Parasites of <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> in Blood of Mice

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