The feasibility of isolation and detection of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes using the benzene polycarboxylic acid method

Production and Composition of Pyrogenic Dissolved Organic Matter From a Logical Series of Laboratory-Generated Chars

“…Aside from the potential for false positives, other difficulties arise from the choice of conversion factor and methods used to convert measured BPCA-C of a sample to the amount of ConAC. These range from 2.3 to 4.4 ( (Glaser et al, 1998;Ziolkowski and Druffel, 2009), respectively) using gas chromatography method (GC) which requires a derivatization step, and about 3 based on FTICR-MS and HPLC (Dittmar, 2008). Another conversion factor would be needed if not all pyC were condensed aromatics.…”

Analysis of engineered nanomaterials in complex matrices (environment and biota): General considerations and conceptual case studies

“…For example, Raman and optical absorbance spectroscopies are heavily used as tools for characterizing the quality of pure nanotube preparations, but both fail at low concentrations and in high complexity samples. Several investigators have attempted to utilize blackcarbon-specific wet chemical or thermal oxidation methods to determine carbon nanotubes in the aquatic environment; however, these techniques have not proved sufficiently sensitive for resolving CNMs against background black carbon in environmental media [25,26].…”

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids (BPCA)

“…Conversion factors had been proposed in the past to translate BPCA yields into total PyC contents. However, finding one correct conversion factor is practically impossible because of the heterogeneous degree of aromatic condensation in most chars 41,48,80,86 . In many cases, PyC quantities of samples are compared relative to each other 42,81,[87][88] .…”

“…Moreover, the occurrence of wildfires and the burning of fossil fuels are also projected to remain high over the course of the 21 th century, continuously contributing large quantities of PyC to the environment 11,[38][39] . Another increasingly important source of PyC is likely to be nanotechnology that also uses PyC-like compounds [40][41] . It is thus crucial to detect, characterize and quantify these pyrogenic materials accurately in order to investigate their properties and understand their role in the environment.…”