The Female Sex Hormone

Frank, Robert T.; Goldberger, Morris A.

doi:10.1001/jama.1926.02670480016007

Cited by 32 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In each case the excretion rate is lowest during menstruation. Our findings thus confirm the results reported by Gustavson and Green (13) and Frank (12). The significance of the peaks in the excretion of estrogens in women cannot be fully analyzed at the present time because of our incomplete knowledge on the changes in concentration of estrogens in blood and the relation thereof to ovarian-follicle and corpus-luteum formation and degeneration.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

The Daily Urinary Excretion of Estrogenic and Androgenic Substances by Normal Men and Women 1

Gallagher¹,

Peterson²,

Dorfman³

et al. 1937

J. Clin. Invest.

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It is well established that normal men and women excrete estrogenic and androgenic substances in the urine. Qualitatively speaking, it is also well established that at least a part of the androgenic activity in men's urine is due to androsterone and dehydro-androsterone (1, 2, 3), but There is somewhat better agreement on the daily excretion of estrogenic activity in women, but practically no data on the excretion in men. Siebke (6) first reported 0 to 180 mouse units per liter of women's urine throughout the cycle. From studies on eight normal women he concluded that there is a low excretion previous to and during menstruation. Later Siebke (11) reported 10 to 140 mouse units of estrogenic activity per liter of urine in women with a distinct rise between the 10th to the 15th day of the cycle. Frank (12) reported 20 to 320 mouse units per day with peaks at 12 to 15 days after the onset of menstruation and 4 to 8 days before the next bleeding. Biihler (8) reported 10 to 60 mouse units per day in normal men. Gustavson and Green (13) and Smith and Smith (14) also report two peaks in the excretion of estrogenic activity in women during the menstrual cycle. The former find 0 to 50 rat units per day with peaks at the 9th to 14th day and the 14th to 21st day after menstruation. Smith and Smith (14) record the peaks at 12 to 17 days after menstruation and during menstruation.In this paper we present our methods of extraction and assay in detail and the results on four normal men and four normal women for 27 to 45 consecutive days. The male urine was collected 695

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

The Daily Urinary Excretion of Estrogenic and Androgenic Substances by Normal Men and Women 1

Gallagher¹,

Peterson²,

Dorfman³

et al. 1937

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…This topic is controversial. Most of us think of 'Estrogen (as) what makes a girl, a girl' 9 and therefore progesterone is either forgotten 10 or blamed 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone for treatment of symptomatic menopausal women

Prior

2018

Climacteric

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This review's purpose is to highlight evidence that oral micronized progesterone (progesterone) is effective for hot flushes and night sweats (vasomotor symptoms, VMS), improves sleep and is likely safe in menopausal women (who are more than 1 year since last menstruation). Methods include randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) supplemented with basic science, population and observational data as needed. The barrier to use of progesterone is lack of awareness that safety concerns with estrogenincluding 'menopausal hormone therapy' (MHT) are not applicable to progesterone. In a single 3-month RCT, progesterone (300 mg at bedtime) was effective treatment of VMS in 133 healthy menopausal women. It caused an overall 55% VMS decrease, no withdrawal-related VMS rebound and a greater VMS decrease in 46 women with !50 moderate-intense VMS/week. Progesterone is equally or more effective than estradiol in improving cardiovascular endothelial function and caused no cardiovascular safety concerns in a 3-month RCT. An 8-year prospective cohort study (E3N) in more than 80 000 menopausal women showed progesterone prevented breast cancer in estrogen-treated women. Multiple RCTs confirm that progesterone (300 mg daily at bedtime) does not cause depression and improves deep sleep. In conclusion, progesterone effectively treats VMS, improves sleep and may be the only therapy that symptomatic women, who are menopausal at a normal age and without osteoporosis, need. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…By analogy to animal experiments, Smith and Smith suggest that corpus luteum hormones control, in some manner, the excretion of theelin. Frank (1929) has suggested that the renal threshold for excretion may be lowered during gestation.…”

Section: Excretion Of Hypophyseal and Ovarian Hormones And Pregnancy ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine disorders in sex function in man.

Pratt¹

1934

Sex and Internal Secretions: A Survey of Recent Research.

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The Female Sex Hormone

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

The Daily Urinary Excretion of Estrogenic and Androgenic Substances by Normal Men and Women 1

The Daily Urinary Excretion of Estrogenic and Androgenic Substances by Normal Men and Women 1

Progesterone for treatment of symptomatic menopausal women

Endocrine disorders in sex function in man.

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