The Filarial Parasites of the Eastern Gorilla in the Congo

Berghe, L. Van Den; Chardome, M; Peel, E.

doi:10.1017/s0022149x00033903

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Several other filariids have been reported from the great apes, including Dirofilaria immitis from the heart of an orangutan [ 51 ] and in the abdominal cavity of another orangutan [ 52 ] and Loa loa and Onchocerca volvulus from chimpanzees and gorillas [ 4 , 42 , 53 ], but none of them were detected in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Several non-perstans Mansonella were reported in apes from Congo and neighboring countries. This includes: Mansonella ( Esslingeria ) (Chabaud & Bain, 1976), M. (E.) leopoldi from Gorilla gorilla in the Republic of the Congo [ 42 ] and Gabon [ 43 ], M. (E.) lopeensis from Gorilla gorilla in Gabon [ 43 ], M. (E.) vanhoofi from Pan paniscus in DR Congo [ 44 , 45 ] and from Gorilla gorilla in the Republic of Congo [ 42 ]; (M) (E.) streptocerca and M. (E.) rodhaini are two filariid parasites reported from chimpanzees and gorillas [ 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Chimpanzees in Central Africa are the reservoir of M. rodhaini , which was identified in skin biopsy samples from several villagers in Gabon [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parasitic Infections in African Humans and Non-Human Primates

et al. 2020

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Different protozoa and metazoa have been detected in great apes, monkeys and humans with possible interspecies exchanges. Some are either nonpathogenic or their detrimental effects on the host are not yet known. Others lead to serious diseases that can even be fatal. Their survey remains of great importance for public health and animal conservation. Fecal samples from gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and humans living in same area in the Republic of Congo, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) from Senegal and one other from the Republic of Congo, Guinea baboons (Papio papio) from Senegal, hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) from Djibouti and Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) from Algeria, were collected. DNA was extracted and screened using specific qPCR assays for the presence of a large number of helminths and protozoa. Positive samples were then amplified in standard PCRs and sequenced when possible. Overall, infection rate was 36.5% in all non-human primates (NHPs) and 31.6% in humans. Great apes were more often infected (63.6%) than monkeys (7.3%). At least twelve parasite species, including ten nematodes and two protozoa were discovered in NHPs and five species, including four nematodes and a protozoan in humans. The prevalences of Giarida lamblia, Necator americanus, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis were similar between gorillas and human community co-habiting the same forest ecosystem in the Republic of Congo. In addition, human specific Mansonella perstans (5.1%) and other Mansonella spp. (5.1%) detected in these gorillas suggest a possible cross-species exchange. Low prevalence (2%) of Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis were observed in chimpanzees, as well as a high prevalence of Abbreviata caucasica (57.1%), which should be considered carefully as this parasite can affect other NHPs, animals and humans. The Barbary macaques were less infected (7.2%) and Oesophagostomum muntiacum was the main parasite detected (5.8%). Finally, we report the presence of Pelodera sp. and an environmental Nematoda DNAs in chimpanzee feces, Nematoda sp. and Bodo sp. in gorillas, as well as DNA of uncharacterized Nematoda in apes and humans, but with a relatively lower prevalence in humans. Prevalence of extraintestinal parasites remains underestimated since feces are not the suitable sampling methods. Using non-invasive sampling (feces) we provide important information on helminths and protozoa that can infect African NHPs and human communities living around them. Public health and animal conservation authorities need to be aware of these infections, as parasites detected in African NHPs could affect both human and other animals’ health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Infections in African Humans and Non-Human Primates

et al. 2020

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“…-Mansonella (E.) vanhoofi (Peel & Chardome, 1946[syns. Dipetalonema vanhoofi Peel & Chardome, 1946Tetrapetalonema vanhoofi (Peel & Chardome, 1946) Yeh, 1957 from Pan paniscus in DR Congo (Peel & Chardome 1946) and from Gorilla gorilla in Republic of the Congo (Van den Berghe et al 1964). -Mansonella (F.) akitensis (Uni, 1983 (for synonyms see above) (type species) from Ursus (= Selenarctos) thibetanus japonicus Schlegel in Japan (Uni 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Mansonella (E.) rotundicapita Eberhard, Campo-Aasen & Orihel, 1984 from Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris in Venezuela , and Colombia (Yates & Hellner 1989). -Mansonella (E.) streptocerca (Macfie & Corson, 1922) Orihel & Eberhard, 1982 from Homo sapiens in Ghana, Uganda, Central African Republic and Zaire (Neafie et al 1975;Fischer et al 1997); from Pan paniscus and P. t. schweinfurthii in DR Congo (Peel & Chardome 1947), and from Gorilla gorilla in Republic of the Congo (Van den Berghe et al 1964). -Mansonella (E.) vanhoofi (Peel & Chardome, 1946[syns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…subcutaneous swellings, aches, pains, skin rashes, hormonal disturbances and hypereosinophilia (Simonsen et al 2011). Wild primates may act as reservoir hosts for two further human parasites, Mansonella streptocerca (Macfie & Corson, 1922) Orihel &Eberhard, 1982 andMansonella ozzardi (Manson, 1891) Faust, 1929, which have been found in both humans and hominid apes (Van den Berghe et al 1964;Orihel & Eberhard 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the genus Mansonella Faust, 1929 sensu lato (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), with descriptions of a new subgenus and a new subspecies

Bain¹,

Mutafchiev

Junker

et al. 2015

Zootaxa

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Based on material deposited in museum collections, twelve species within Mansonella sensu lato were examined and their descriptions amended. Based on additional morphological details, the erection of the new monotypic subgenus Filyamagutia Bain & Uni for M. (F.) akitensis (Uni, 1983), and the new combination M. (Pseudolitomosa) musasabi (Yamaguti, 1941) Bain & Uni are proposed. A new subspecies, M. (Tetrapetalonema) atelensis amazonae Bain & Guerrero is described and a key to the seven subgenera of Mansonella is provided. Furthermore, the elevation of Sandnema to full genus rank comprising the two species S. digitatum (Chandler, 1929) n. comb. and S. sunci (Sandground, 1933) n. comb., is proposed. Host and geographic records for the species of Mansonella and Sandnema are included.

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