The fire performance of Cross Laminated Timber beams

Dârmon, Ruxandra; Lalu, Octavian

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.192

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In the fire engineering discipline, great attempts have been made to evaluate the behavior of construction materials, such as concrete [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], steel [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], timber [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ], and composites [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ], exposed to fire conditions by conducting experimental programs. However, since many resources, such as budget and time, to perform experiments are required, AI-based models have emerged as powerful tools used to predict the temperature-related properties of a variety of materials.…”

Section: Application Of Ai/ml In Fire Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Predict Fire Performance of Construction Materials and Their Flame Retardancy

Nguyên

Nguyen

et al. 2021

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The evaluation and interpretation of the behavior of construction materials under fire conditions have been complicated. Over the last few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a reliable method to tackle this engineering problem. This review summarizes existing studies that applied AI to predict the fire performance of different construction materials (e.g., concrete, steel, timber, and composites). The prediction of the flame retardancy of some structural components such as beams, columns, slabs, and connections by utilizing AI-based models is also discussed. The end of this review offers insights on the advantages, existing challenges, and recommendations for the development of AI techniques used to evaluate the fire performance of construction materials and their flame retardancy. This review offers a comprehensive overview to researchers in the fields of fire engineering and material science, and it encourages them to explore and consider the use of AI in future research projects.

show abstract

Section: Application Of Ai/ml In Fire Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Predict Fire Performance of Construction Materials and Their Flame Retardancy

Nguyên

Nguyen

et al. 2021

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Regarding the fire safety of timber structures, the current design practice mostly follows Eurocode 5 (EC5), 1 which estimates the load‐bearing capacity of single members with respect to the effective section as the char layer is nearly zero load resistance. Following this design principle, mass timber structures using engineered timber such as Glued Laminated (Glulam) timber and Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) were vastly implemented in timber building construction, and investigations were conducted regarding their fire performance 2–6 . Correspondingly, modelling the fire behaviour of modern timber structural members is of great interest but facing considerable challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al 3 tested a series of CLT panels of a size 2200 × 420 × 105 mm, which recorded the internal temperature distribution and mid‐span deflection of the timber panel during the standard fire exposure. Bending tests and fire tests were carried out by Dârmon and Lalu 4 on Glulam beams (3500 × 180 × 440 mm), which showed the temperature evolution of a Glulam beam subjected to three‐side fire exposure and the fire behaviour of the beam. Zhang et al 5 also conducted a series of solid timber beams (4000 × 100 × 200 mm or 4000 × 150 × 300 mm) with three‐side fire exposure using a furnace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computational solutions are always an important alternative means to fire tests for research and design of timber structures in fire. Dârmon and Lalu 4 used the nonlinear finite element software SAFIR 13 to develop thermo‐mechanical models of wooden beams subjected to standard fire exposure, which successfully reproduces the temperature evolution of the beam section and the beam deflection induced by fire and load. Menis 14 used the existing “Concrete Damage Plasticity” (CDP) in ABAQUS 15 to enable the definition of a material model for wood, which considers the orthotropic behaviour of timber material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

OpenSeesdevelopment for modelling timber structural members subjected to realistic fire impact

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Timber buildings have been preferred in many regions for the sustainable nature of timber material. Although engineered timber products become promising alternates to traditional construction materials, the fire safety of timber buildings remains a key barrier to wider use. Currently, the design of timber structures mostly adopts the Eurocode 5 approach, which estimates the heat transfer or char depth under the premise of standard fire exposure. To investigate the behaviour of timber structural members in the context of realistic fire action in compartments, appropriate models for different stages of numerical simulation are needed. A series of development have now been conducted in the open‐source platform OpenSees, which enables modelling the heat transfer of timber sections in non‐standard fire scenarios and thermo‐mechanical analysis model using either beam elements or shell elements for various timber structural members. Corresponding thermal actions are developed to deal with timber slabs in fire or timber beams subjected to three‐side fire exposure. Tests on cross‐laminated timber beams at ambient temperature and under fire exposure are modelled to validate the developed capabilities, which is followed by modelling a glued laminated timber beam heated by furnace. In the end, a timber‐concrete composite slab is modelled using the fire impact from a Computational Fluid Dynamics model, which demonstrates the current vision of modelling timber structures in fire and OpenSees for fire is committed to providing such an open‐source research platform to support further modelling work.

show abstract

“…No Brasil, ao longo de aproximadamente sete anos de implantação desta tecnologia, foram construídas edificações residenciais e comerciais produzidas com CLT, e sua difusão no mercado nacional tem sido crescente, como demonstra Oliveira (2018). Na América do Norte e Europa, sua utilização já alcança volumes expressivos, acompanhado de números de pesquisas ao redor do mundo sobre o desempenho mecânico (BAÑO et al, 2018;PEREIRA;CALIL JUNIOR, 2019), dinâmico (IZZI et al, 2018JIN et al, 2019), em situação de incêndio (DÂRMON;LALU, 2019;FRAGIACOMO et al, 2013), sob impacto balístico (SANBORN et al, 2019), além de conforto térmico (LESKOVAR et al, 2019;STENSON et al, 2019), e acústico (HOMB; GUIGOU-CARTER; RABOLD, 2017) de painéis de CLT.…”

Section: P50%unclassified

Desempenho estrutural de placas de Cross Laminated Timber submetidas à flexão

Bressaglia¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The growing demand for sustainable materials makes wood to have great potential for its use in construction. Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product consisting of wood boards arranged in orthogonally cross-linked layers and is mainly used as a plate or sheet structure. In Brazil, CLT panels are produced industrially using reforestation wood of Pinus taeda species. As the physical and mechanical wood properties depend on several natural factors, knowing the structural performance of CLT boards produced with nationally grown wood is important. This study analyzes the structural performance of CLT plates by experimental tests and numerical simulations. The main experimental tests were conducted with 21 plates composed of five layers of boards, totaling 16 cm in thickness, and submitted to fourpoint bending, according to BS EN 16351:2015. Pinus taeda samples were extracted from tested plates that were later analyzed by simple bending, according to NBR 7190:1997, and by perpendicular compression and parallel compression to the grain, according to BS EN 408:2010 to explore the properties of the raw material. Numerical analysis of static and vibration mode performance ware carried out by RF-LAMINATE and RF-DYNAM Pro modules of the commercial software RFEM 5, using composite plate elements and determining mesh discretization by the Grid Convergence Index method. Such simulations considered Mindlin and Kirchhoff plate theory, as well as normative resistance classes according to NBR 7190:1997 and BS EN 338:2016. Physical and mechanical properties were obtained from experimental tests, such as specific gravity, moisture, bending strength and stiffness, as well as shear strength and stiffness of CLT plates. The CLT´s bending strength was associated with the tensile strength of finger joints on the lower layers, while ruptures due to shear stress occurred due to the deficiency of strength capacity of rolling shear in the transverse layers of the CLT. When plate theories and different normative characterization were evaluated in numerical simulation, results of strength and stiffness with relevant variations were found, some of which are not admissible. The difference between adhesive weights from 220 to 250 g/m 2 was statistically evaluated and no significant difference was observed regarding the stiffness and strength of the samples. It was also possible to estimate acceptable loads as a function of the length of CLT plates, being analytically and numerically, verified that the natural vibration is one of the critical factors that limits CLT design length. Finally, this research is a result of the partnership between university and industry, which allowed conducting experimental tests of structural size for characterization of CLT plates and predicting their static structural behavior and vibration modes through analytical and numerical simulations, expanding the technical knowledge on CLT industrially produced with raw material planted in the national territory.

show abstract

The fire performance of Cross Laminated Timber beams

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Review on the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Predict Fire Performance of Construction Materials and Their Flame Retardancy

Review on the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Predict Fire Performance of Construction Materials and Their Flame Retardancy

OpenSeesdevelopment for modelling timber structural members subjected to realistic fire impact

Desempenho estrutural de placas de Cross Laminated Timber submetidas à flexão

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About