The First Stages of Pre-harvest 'Peel Pitting' Development in 'Encore' Mandarin. An Histological and Ultrastructural Study

Medeira, M.C.

doi:10.1006/anbo.1999.0867

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Water loss of parenchymal cells of the flavedo was observed by cuticular cracking in Citrus [18]. Solar radiation may be involved in the alteration of the cuticle and high rind temperatures over a large period may induce localised dehydration in epidermal and sub-epidermal cells leading to membrane collapse [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sections 80-100 nm thick were cut in an LKB-ultramicrotome IV using glass knives. Thin sections for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were stained in an aqueous saturated solution of uranyl acetate for 30 min and post-stained in a 3% aqueous solution of lead citrate at room temperature [2]. Ultrastructural observation was made with a Philips 300 Transmission Electron Microscope at 80 kV.…”

Section: 2transmission Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disorder is characterized by cellular damage [2] related to specific senescence processes [3,4]. In the first stages of fruit growth, the observations of flavedo spot sections reveal parenchymal cells flattened and collapsed, increasing in parallel with the epidermis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first stages of fruit growth, the observations of flavedo spot sections reveal parenchymal cells flattened and collapsed, increasing in parallel with the epidermis. In these cell layers, the cytoplasm is plasmolysed, being visible as a dense and shrunken mass, resulting from the destruction of the cytoplasmic membranes and from the accumulation of large amounts of osmiophilic material [2]. In this context, the production and control of oxy radicals play a fundamental role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peel pitting of Encore mandarin fruits: etiology, control and implications in fruit quality

Vítor

Lidon

Maia

et al. 2001

Fruits

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-Introduction. The fruit of 'Encore' mandarin (Citrus deliciosa × Citrus nobilis) usually shows chlorotic spots in the epicarp from the first stages of development. This peel disorder triggers off, thereafter, the occurrence of a large quantity of dark stains (pre-harvest 'peel pitting'). Materials and methods. A biochemical and ultra-structural study of the flavedo, using epicarp with and without stains, was carried out. Quality assays were assessed on the edible portion of the fruit or on juice. Results. The cell structure of pitted and unpitted epicarp analysed by electron microscopy revealed that dark spots were associated with the degradation of cellular membranes. The peroxidase system that shields the epicarp against photooxidative stress showed an inhibition of catalase activity and an increase of superoxide dismutase functioning. Moreover, the activities of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase remained unaffected in stained tissues. In sunshade trees, it was also found that the number of dark stains per fruit decreased but the internal quality of the endocarp was not significantly affected. The weight and the caliber of the fruit also slightly decreased. Discussion. High light intensities induce an oxidative stress in the epicarp, which is characterized by an increased peroxidation and degradation of biological membranes. On the other hand, protection against solar radiation alleviates the stress, but, although not affecting the internal quality of the fruit, slightly decreases the fruit weight and size.Portugal / Citrus reticulata / mandarins / cell structure / ultrastructure / epidermis / fruit / quality Taches sur l'écorce de la mandarine Encore : étiologie, contrôle et implications dans la qualité du fruit.Résumé -Introduction. Le fruit de la mandarine « Encore » (Citrus deliciosa × Citrus nobilis) montre fréquemment des taches chlorotiques de l'épicarpe dès les premiers stades de déve-loppement. Cette anomalie de l'écorce déclenche, ensuite, avant la récolte, l'apparition d'une grande quantité de taches sombres, ultrastructurales. Matériel et méthodes. Une étude biochimique du flavédo, utilisant des épicarpes avec ou sans taches, a été effectuée. Des mesures de qualité ont été effectuées sur la partie comestible du fruit ou sur le jus. Résultats. La structure des cellules d'épicarpes maculés ou non, analysée par microscopie électronique, a révélé que les taches sombres étaient associées à la dégradation de membranes cellulaires. Le système peroxydase qui protège l'épicarpe contre le stress photooxydatif a montré une inhibition de l'activité de la catalase et une augmentation du fonctionnement de la superoxyde dismutase. Par ailleurs, les activités de l'ascorbate peroxydase et de la glutathione reductase sont restées inchangées dans des tissus affectés. Le nombre de taches sombres par fruit récolté sur les arbres sous ombrage a diminué, mais la qualité interne de l'endocarpe n'a pas été significativement affectée. Le poids et le calibre du fruit ont aussi légèrement diminué. Discu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2transmission Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peel pitting of Encore mandarin fruits: etiology, control and implications in fruit quality

Vítor

Lidon

Maia

et al. 2001

Fruits

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“…Moreover, it is clear that, treatments of 2 mM of SA in combination with 12 mM of AsA followed by 2 mM SA in combination with 20 mM citric acid of oranges were more effective in decreasing loss in fruit weight and alleviating chilling injury symptoms, reducing decay incidence and increasing marketable fruit percentage than other treatments in both seasons. The loss in weight of fresh fruits and vegetables is mainly due to the loss of water caused by transpiration and respiration processes (Cohen et al, 1994 andMedeira et al, 1999). In addition, SA and AsA treatments are contributing to the detoxification of active oxygen (Ding et al, 2007 andHuang et al, 2008).…”

Section: Fruit Weight Loss Percentage Chilling Injury Index Decay Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-storage Application of Antioxidant Alleviates Chilling Injury and Maintains Quality of Valencia Orange Fruits Stored at Low Temperature

2016

NIDOC-ASRT

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Nonchilling Physiological Rind Disorders in Citrus Fruit

Magwaza

Opara

Cronjé

et al. 2013

Horticultural Reviews Volume 41

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The First Stages of Pre-harvest 'Peel Pitting' Development in 'Encore' Mandarin. An Histological and Ultrastructural Study

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Peel pitting of Encore mandarin fruits: etiology, control and implications in fruit quality

Peel pitting of Encore mandarin fruits: etiology, control and implications in fruit quality

Pre-storage Application of Antioxidant Alleviates Chilling Injury and Maintains Quality of Valencia Orange Fruits Stored at Low Temperature

Nonchilling Physiological Rind Disorders in Citrus Fruit

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