The flame retardant and smoke suppression effect of fullerene by trapping radicals in decabromodiphenyl oxide/Sb₂O₃ flame‐retarded high density polyethylene

Abstract

Summary To improve the large release of smoke and heat for brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in fire hazard, fullerene (C60) had been introduced in high density polyethylene (HDPE)/bromine flame retardant (Deca/Sb2O3, BFR in short) system in this study. The effects of C60 on the thermal properties, flame retardant properties, rheological behaviors, and smoke release behaviors in HDPE/BFR blends were researched. During polymer thermal degradation, C60 and BFR exhibited the trapping radical ability in condensed phase and gaseous phase, respectively. The intergrated effects of C60 and BFR on the thermal stability and flammability of HDPE were studied by thermo‐gravimetry and cone calorimeter. It was indicated that the introduction of C60 improved the thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability of HDPE/BFR blends. A remarkable advantage of adding C60 was to reduce the peak heat release rate and the average specific extinction area, especially at higher concentration of C60. The analysis of rheological behaviors and pyrolysis products revealed that C60 can capture alkyl radicals, chain radicals, and bromine radicals in the condensed phase, which was in favor of terminating the thermo‐oxidative decomposition and inhibiting the heat and smoke release of HDPE/BFR blends during combustion.

Flame retardancy and thermal stability of agricultural residue fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid: A Review

“…[ 236,244 ] Apart from this effect, IFRs can lead to a radical trapping effect which enhances flame retardancy and thermal stability of the composites in which they are used. [ 245,246 ]…”

Flame Retardancy of Biobased Composites—Research Development

“…The second one is the flammability of natural fibers and the relatively low temperature of their degradation. In the case of cellulose-based fibers, their thermal decomposition proceeds according to various mechanisms, and begins with the release of moisture An interesting group of compounds that can be used as flame retardants and introduced into the polymer in small amounts are nanomaterials: nanoclay (e.g., montmorillonite, sepiolite, and other layered materials), metal oxides, organic nanoparticles, carbon compounds (fullerenes [43][44][45], carbon tubes [46][47][48][49], and expandable graphite [50][51][52][53]) and silsesquioxane [54][55][56][57]. Aluminum silicates with nanotubes structure are also effective, e.g., halloysite [58][59][60] and imogolite [61,62].…”

Influence of fullerenes on the thermal and flame‐retardant properties of polymeric materials

“…To overcome the shortcoming of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), releasing large of smoke and heat during combustion, Guo et al . introduced C 60 into HDPE/BFR (decabromodiphenyl oxide/Sb 2 O 3 , BFR in short) system.…”