The flowering locus Hr colocalizes with a major QTL affecting winter frost tolerance in Pisum sativum L.

Lejeune‐Hénaut, Isabelle; Hanocq, Éric; Béthencourt, L.; Fontaine, Véronique; Delbreil, Bruno; Morin, J.; Petit, Aurélie; Devaux, Rosemonde; Boilleau, M.; Stempniak, J.-J.; Thomas, Martine; Lainé, Anne-Lyse; Foucher, Fabrice; Baranger, Alain; Burstin, Judith; Rameau, Catherine; Giauffret, Catherine

doi:10.1007/s00122-008-0739-x

Cited by 104 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…1B). In the NGB5839 × JI1794 population, FRI was located 13 cM below the classical marker M and outside the confidence interval for QTL3, whereas ELF3 was located ∼7 cM above M, close to the previously determined position of HR (22,23). Reanalysis identified ELF3 as the closest marker to the QTL3 peak (Table S2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

A conserved molecular basis for photoperiod adaptation in two temperate legumes

Weller

Liew

Hecht

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

170

200

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Legumes were among the first plant species to be domesticated, and accompanied cereals in expansion of agriculture from the Fertile Crescent into diverse environments across the Mediterranean basin, Europe, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. Although several recent studies have outlined the molecular basis for domestication and eco-geographic adaptation in the two main cereals from this region, wheat and barley, similar questions remain largely unexplored in their legume counterparts. Here we identify two major loci controlling differences in photoperiod response between wild and domesticated pea, and show that one of these, HIGH RESPONSE TO PHOTOPERIOD (HR), is an ortholog of EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), a gene involved in circadian clock function. We found that a significant proportion of flowering time variation in global pea germplasm is controlled by HR, with a single, widespread functional variant conferring altered circadian rhythms and the reduced photoperiod response associated with the spring habit. We also present evidence that ELF3 has a similar role in lentil, another major legume crop, with a distinct functional variant contributing to reduced photoperiod response in cultivars widely deployed in short-season environments. Our results identify the factor likely to have permitted the successful prehistoric expansion of legume cultivation to Northern Europe, and define a conserved genetic basis for major adaptive changes in flowering phenology and growth habit in an important crop group.crop adaptation | Pisum sativum | Lens culinaris M any of the world's earliest agricultural systems were based around crops from two important groups: cereals and legumes. Although molecular and genetic analyses have led to considerable progress in understanding the genetic changes underlying domestication and adaptation in several cereal crops, similar efforts in legumes are in general much less advanced. Among the legumes domesticated in the world's oldest farming culture in the Neolithic Near East, the temperate long-day (LD) species lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) all persist as crops of global economic importance. Of these crops, pea has the widest distribution, the most diverse phenology, and is the best understood genetically, and offers prospects for a detailed exploration of molecular events important in early cultivation and spread (1, 2).P. sativum is now generally viewed as a complex species that includes a wide variety of cultivated and wild forms with pink, purple, or white flowers (1). Wild P. sativum lines are characterized by dehiscent pods and a rough, thick seed coat, and include both tall, climbing forms distributed around the Mediterranean (P. sativum var. elatius) and shorter forms restricted to the Near East (P. sativum var. humile), which intergrade in their areas of overlap. Cytogenetic differences and analyses of genetic diversity support the view that the majority of cultivated peas originated from a distinct gene pool within var....

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

A conserved molecular basis for photoperiod adaptation in two temperate legumes

Weller

Liew

Hecht

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

170

200

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“…This suggests that leaf structure depends more upon the climatic conditions during growth than upon genetic differences between host genotypes, which may in turn explain the absence of structuration of M. pinodes populations by host types. The low temperatures during plant development used in the winter and intermediate conditions are known to alter the development of the different genotypes and therefore possibly also affect the expression of resistance genes (15,20,31). Indeed, as suggested by Ergon et al (15) and Gaudet et al (20), cold hardening is known to strongly increase the resistance of plants to disease by increasing the PR gene expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent emphasis has been put on breeding and growing winter types, since sowing in autumn or winter lengthens the crop life span and can result in higher, more stable yields (30,31). As a result, spring and winter pea crops are now grown simultaneously in many parts of Europe, particularly in France.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Single, Plastic Population of Mycosphaerella pinodes Causes Ascochyta Blight on Winter and Spring Peas (Pisum sativum) in France

May

Guibert

Leclerc

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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c Plant diseases are caused by pathogen populations continuously subjected to evolutionary forces (genetic flow, selection, and recombination). Ascochyta blight, caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes, is one of the most damaging necrotrophic pathogens of field peas worldwide. In France, both winter and spring peas are cultivated. Although these crops overlap by about 4 months (March to June), primary Ascochyta blight infections are not synchronous on the two crops. This suggests that the disease could be due to two different M. pinodes populations, specialized on either winter or spring pea. To test this hypothesis, 144 pathogen isolates were collected in the field during the winter and spring growing seasons in Rennes (western France), and all the isolates were genotyped using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Furthermore, the pathogenicities of 33 isolates randomly chosen within the collection were tested on four pea genotypes (2 winter and 2 spring types) grown under three climatic regimes, simulating winter, late winter, and spring conditions. M. pinodes isolates from winter and spring peas were genetically polymorphic but not differentiated according to the type of cultivars. Isolates from winter pea were more pathogenic than isolates from spring pea on hosts raised under winter conditions, while isolates from spring pea were more pathogenic than those from winter pea on plants raised under spring conditions. These results show that disease developed on winter and spring peas was initiated by a single population of M. pinodes whose pathogenicity is a plastic trait modulated by the physiological status of the host plant. P lant parasites can quickly adapt to their hosts and overcome resistance genes used in crop protection. This process occurs both in agroecosystems, where hosts (cultivars) are typically quite uniform genetically, and in wild pathosystems, where hosts and parasites show high levels of diversity and are structured as metapopulations (12). However, a number of crop plants are grown in complex ecosystems rather than as the monocultures which characterize modern agriculture; this is particularly the case for species grown as both winter and spring cultivars and for which wild relatives occur as weeds or in field margins.From a plant pathology point of view, such complex ecosystems are usually characterized by one or more of the following parameters: (i) spatial and temporal heterogeneity of hosts, which creates patchiness and an often complex age structure, (ii) intraand interspecific diversity, and (iii) multiple host-pathogen interactions. These features favor niche partitioning, as they allow the coexistence on the same host species of different pathogen populations separated in space and/or time. Indeed, ecological differences that lead to niche partitioning can occur in three basic ways: resource partitioning, temporal niche partitioning, and spatial niche partitioning (4, 14, 36). For plant-pathogenic species able to exploit the same host, separation in space and/or time mi...

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“…Wild Pisum in its native range displays a typical winter habit in which plants germinate in autumn, overwinter in the vegetative state, and flower in response to increasing day-length in spring (Abbo et al, 2003;Weller et al, 2009Weller et al, , 2012. Wild Pisum was identified as a source of alleles of flowering locus Hr implicated to influence winter frost tolerance (Lejeune-Hénaut et al, 2008). Moreover, the flowering allele Hr enhances the capacity of pea photoperiodic lines to produce basal laterals, which is often found in primitive accessions of Pisum sativum subsp.…”

Section: Crop Pea (Pisum Sativum L)mentioning

confidence: 99%