The Fluency Amplification Model: Fluent stimuli show more intense but not evidently more positive evaluations

Albrecht, Sabine; Carbon, Claus-Christian

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.02.002

Cited by 84 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The PFT has been highly influential, even though its mechanisms are unclear (Albrecht and Carbon, 2014; Graf and Landwehr, 2015) and its scope has limitations (Leder et al, 2004; Locher et al, 2007; Leder, 2013; Chatterjee and Vartanian, 2014). The theory has found applications in the cognitive studies of clarity (Whittlesea et al, 1990), marketing (Lee and Labroo, 2004), recognition memory (Whittlesea, 1993), and judgments of truth (Begg et al, 1992; Reber and Schwarz, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring Master Painters' Esthetic Biases from the Statistics of Portraits

Aleem

Correa-Herran

Grzywacz

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The Processing Fluency Theory posits that the ease of sensory information processing in the brain facilitates esthetic pleasure. Accordingly, the theory would predict that master painters should display biases toward visual properties such as symmetry, balance, and moderate complexity. Have these biases been occurring and if so, have painters been optimizing these properties (fluency variables)? Here, we address these questions with statistics of portrait paintings from the Early Renaissance period. To do this, we first developed different computational measures for each of the aforementioned fluency variables. Then, we measured their statistics in 153 portraits from 26 master painters, in 27 photographs of people in three controlled poses, and in 38 quickly snapped photographs of individual persons. A statistical comparison between Early Renaissance portraits and quickly snapped photographs revealed that painters showed a bias toward balance, symmetry, and moderate complexity. However, a comparison between portraits and controlled-pose photographs showed that painters did not optimize each of these properties. Instead, different painters presented biases toward different, narrow ranges of fluency variables. Further analysis suggested that the painters' individuality stemmed in part from having to resolve the tension between complexity vs. symmetry and balance. We additionally found that constraints on the use of different painting materials by distinct painters modulated these fluency variables systematically. In conclusion, the Processing Fluency Theory of Esthetic Pleasure would need expansion if we were to apply it to the history of visual art since it cannot explain the lack of optimization of each fluency variables. To expand the theory, we propose the existence of a Neuroesthetic Space, which encompasses the possible values that each of the fluency variables can reach in any given art period. We discuss the neural mechanisms of this Space and propose that it has a distributed representation in the human brain. We further propose that different artists reside in different, small sub-regions of the Space. This Neuroesthetic-Space hypothesis raises the question of how painters and their paintings evolve across art periods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring Master Painters' Esthetic Biases from the Statistics of Portraits

Aleem

Correa-Herran

Grzywacz

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“… The feeling of processing fluency induces a positive affective reaction toward the object that is generating the fluency (in our case, the CSR disclosure). The positive affect generated by a fluent disclosure then interacts with the valence of the disclosure's information to amplify reactions, such that reactions to positively (negatively) valenced information are more positive (negative) when presented more fluently (Albrecht and Cabon ; Brinol, Petty, and Tormala ). We limit our experiment to positive performance information because it is most commonly provided in actual CSR reports (Holder‐Webb et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

How Disclosure Features of Corporate Social Responsibility Reports Interact with Investor Numeracy to Influence Investor Judgments

Elliott

Grant

Rennekamp

2017

Contemporary Accting Res

113

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Firms' Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports typically frame their strategies in terms of either community or global efforts (i.e., "strategy frame"). Further, the style used to depict CSR performance in reports often highlights either pictures or words (i.e., "presentation style"). These two prominent disclosure features of CSR reports promote a natural fit or misfit in the focus (relatively low-level or high-level focus) investors adopt when thinking about the firm and its CSR efforts. Further, these disclosure features likely have different effects on investors depending on their numeracy or, in other words, the way that they naturally process numerical information. In this study, we predict and find that a fit between the strategy frame and the presentation style of a firm's CSR report causes less numerate investors to be more willing to invest than when a fit is not present. Specifically, we find that a fit leads less numerate investors to experience subjective feelings of processing fluency and, in turn, positive affect that serves as a cue that the positive CSR performance information can be relied upon, which positively influences willingness to invest. Our results have implications for both CSR reports as well as other types of firm disclosures that increasingly vary along similar disclosure characteristics. Our results also contribute to both the growing literature on presentation effects in accounting, as well as the broader business literature on CSR reporting. favorisent une ad equation (ou une inad equation) naturelle entre l'objectif (plus ou moins elev e) auquel adh erent les investisseurs lorsqu'ils songent a l'entreprise et les efforts d eploy es par cette derni ere au chapitre de la RSE. Au surplus, ces caract eristiques de l'information sont susceptibles d'avoir une incidence diff erente sur les investisseurs selon la num eratie de ces derniers, c'est-a-dire la comp etence avec laquelle ils traitent spontan ement les informations num eriques. Les auteurs posent et confirment l'hypoth ese selon laquelle, en pr esence d'une ad equation entre le cadre strat egique et le style de pr esentation des rapports que produit une soci et e en mati ere de RSE, les investisseurs dont la comp etence num erique est inf erieure sont davantage dispos es a investir qu'en l'absence d'ad equation. Ils constatent plus particuli erement que la pr esence d'une ad equation am ene les investisseurs moins comp etents a eprouver une impression subjective de fluidit e de traitement et, par ricochet, un affect positif leur servant d'indicateur de fiabilit e de l'information positive quant a la performance en mati ere de RSE, ce qui influe favorablement sur leur disposition a investir. Les r esultats de l' etude ont des r epercussions tant sur les rapports qui emanent des soci et es en mati ere de RSE que sur leurs informations d'autre nature pr esentant des caract eristiques similaires mais dont les variantes ne cessent de se multiplier. Ces r esultats contribuent egalement a l'enrichissement des ecrits sur les con...

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“…According to Smith etal. () and consistent with Albrecht and Carbon's Fluency Amplification Model (), combined photographs by Burtynsky create a strong sense of “disfluency” between the natural and human‐made elements, rendering them the least likable. Given these findings, children with dyslexia and those without dyslexia might require more time to cognitively process combined images because they contain salient features that prevent a naturally flowing connection amongst features in the landscape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

The effect of landscape photograph type on aesthetic judgments, attention, and memory in children with dyslexia

et al. 2019

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Given the link between visual stimuli and memory, children with dyslexia could benefit from research discovering what visual stimuli they find more pleasing and memorable. People like natural landscapes (e.g.,forests) more than human‐made (e.g.,cityscapes) or “combined” landscapes (i.e.,combination of human‐made and natural components, e.g.,tires in a meadow). The purpose was to determine if the greater likability for natural generalized to children with dyslexia and age‐equivalent controls and if photograph type impacted recognition rates after the short and long term. All children liked natural landscape photographs the most but paid longer attention to combined landscape photographs. Both groups recognized all photograph types at a high rate after the short retention interval, but after the long interval, the children with dyslexia had better memory, especially for combined photographs. On the basis of these results, we advise educators to incorporate images of natural landscapes into the learning context in order to create a more aesthetically pleasing environment or to infuse combined images for a more engaging and memorable environment.

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The Fluency Amplification Model: Fluent stimuli show more intense but not evidently more positive evaluations

Cited by 84 publications

References 33 publications

Inferring Master Painters' Esthetic Biases from the Statistics of Portraits

Inferring Master Painters' Esthetic Biases from the Statistics of Portraits

How Disclosure Features of Corporate Social Responsibility Reports Interact with Investor Numeracy to Influence Investor Judgments

The effect of landscape photograph type on aesthetic judgments, attention, and memory in children with dyslexia

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