The formation mechanism of titania nanotube arrays in hydrofluoric acid electrolyte

Bai, Jing; Zhou, Baoxue; Li, Longhai; Liu, Yanbiao; Zheng, Qiang; Shao, Jiahui; Zhu, Xun; Cai, Weimin; Liao, Junsheng; Lexi, Zou

doi:10.1007/s10853-007-2418-8

Cited by 79 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the literature different synthesis processes have been reported [10][11][12][13], the most widespread being the one in organic electrolyte containing fluoride and small amount of water. In this case, the nanotube formation includes different steps, as schematically represented in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From single to multiple TiO2 nanotubes layers: Analysis of the parameters which influence the growth

Scaramuzzo

Pasquali²,

Mura

et al. 2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Highly-ordered vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiO2 NTs) are widely exploited in many different fields such as catalysis, electronics and biomedicine. TiO2 NTs can be synthetized by a number of methods; however, the synthesis via anodization in a fluoride-based electrolyte, proposed for the first time in 2001, has been proved to be the procedure which offers the best control over the nanotube dimensions. In literature, four generations of TiO2 NTs obtained with different types of anodization baths have been reported, each bath giving rise to TiO2 NTs with specific morphological features. In this work, we performed the growth of third generation TiO2 NTs by varying different parameters (i.e. voltage, temperature, anodization time, bath composition) and systematically analyzed their influence on NTs morphology. A deep knowledge of the effect of each parameter allowed their suitable combination in order to obtain double and triple NTs layers with different length and aspect ratio. The proposed method can be applied to synthetize multiple layers with predictable and well-defined features

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From single to multiple TiO2 nanotubes layers: Analysis of the parameters which influence the growth

Scaramuzzo

Pasquali²,

Mura

et al. 2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…The nanotube has not been formed in the HF electrolyte solution because HF which was used in this study was technical HF which was low in concentration although the anodization time was optimum. Bai [14] reported that anodization using HF electrolyte solution needed to be done for 3 hours to achieve a perfect nanotube.…”

Section: The Results Of Ti-6al-4v Metal Alloy Characterization Using Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Electrolyte Solution in Nanotube Formation on Ti-6Al-4V Metal Alloy

Charlena

Kemala

Wulanawati

2018

ijfac

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(English)Formation of nanotube morphology on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V metal did not occur homogeneously, so when it was coated with hydroxyapatite, it did not merge well. One of the factors that affected the inhomogeneously formed nanotube was the utilization of electrolyte solution. The research has been done to observe the effect of electrolyte solution in the formation of nanotube morphology on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy. Electrolyte solution that was used was ethylene glycol, HF, and NH4F with time variation of an hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours. Formation of nanotube morphology on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy was done using anodization process. The result showed that in HF electrolyte solution which was anodized for an hour ɑ and β phase that composed Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy was formed, meanwhile when using electrolyte solution of ethylene glycol + NH4F for 2 hours showed that there were pores that opened on Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy surface. Nanotube morphology on the surface of Ti6Al-4V metal alloy was formed using electrolyte solution of ethylene glycol + NH4F which was anodized for 3 hours. Keywords: electrolyte solution, metal alloy, nanotube, Ti-6Al-4V Abstrak (Indonesian)Pembentukan morfologi nanotube pada permukaan logam Ti-6Al-4V tidak terjadi secara homogen, sehingga ketika dilapisi dengan hidroksiapatit maka tidak dapat menyatu dengan baik. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi nanotube yang terbentuk tidak homogen yaitu penggunaan larutan elektrolit. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan melihat pengaruh larutan elektrolit dalam pembentukan morfologi nanotube pada paduan logam Ti-6Al-4V. Larutan elektrolit yang digunakan adalah etilen glikol, HF dan NH 4 F dengan variasi waktu 1 jam, 2 jam dan 3 jam. Pembentukan morfologi nanotube pada permukaan paduan logam Ti-6Al-4V dilakukan dengan menggunakan proses anodisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada larutan elektrolit HF yang dianodisasi selama 1 jam terbentuk fase α dan β yang menyusun paduan logam Ti-6Al-4V, sedangkan menggunakan larutan elektrolit etilen glikol+NH 4 F selama 2 jam terlihat adanya pori yang membuka pada permukaan paduan logam Ti-6Al-4V. Morfologi nanotube pada permukaan paduan logam Ti-6Al-4V terbentuk dengan menggunakan larutan elektrolit etilen glikol+NH 4 F yang dianodisasi selama 3 jam. Kata kunci: larutan elektrolit, nanotube, paduan logam

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“…Afterwards, various electrochemical conditions were reported to increase the thickness of oxide by many research groups [9][10][11][12][13]15,[17][18][19]. Unlike thickness of porous aluminum oxide is mainly determined by anodization time, the thickness of TiO2 is limited not by the anodization time but by electrolyte bath.…”

Section: Anodization Of Timentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diameters of nanotubes prepared at 10 V and 20 V were measured as 50 nm and 100 nm, respectively, indicating that diameter of TiO2 nanotube is significantly influenced by the applied voltage. It was well known that the anodic TiO2 nanotubes prepared at the same voltage show a similar diameter and wall thickness [17,18]. Longer length of nanotubes is obtained in the mixture of HF and H3PO4 (or H2SO4), compared to that prepared at a single HF electrolyte since H3PO4 (or H2SO4) helps maintaining a local pH in nanotubes and suppress the dissolution of the formed oxide through anion-competition reaction [13,20].…”

Section: Electrochemical Conditions For the Preparation Of Tio2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2006, Grimes's group showed that anodic nanotubes with a length of 70 µm can be produced in formamide containing a small amount of water, triggering study on formation of anodic the high-aspect-ratio nanotubes. Later on, TiO2 nanotubes with a thickness of 93 µm was successfully produced in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) containing 2 wt% HF at 60 V for 70 h [18]. Based on the suppression of reaction 3, TiO2 nanotubes with a length of 1000 µm was prepared in the mixture of ethylene glycol and NH4F by Grimes's group [22].…”

Section: Electrochemical Conditions For the Preparation Of Tio2mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Research Trends in Doping Methods on TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Arrays Prepared by Electrochemical Anodization

Yoo¹,

Choi²

2015

Applied Chemistry for Engineering

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Nanotubular TiO2 prepared by electrochemical anodization has been significantly used for various applications due to high aspect ratio structures showing a high chemical stability. Morphological properties of nanotubular titanium oxide are easily tailored by adjusting types and compositions of electrolyte, pH value, applied voltage, temperature and anodization time. Since their catalytic properties can be enhanced by doping foreign elements into TiO2, metal as well as non-metal elements are doped into TiO2 nanotubes using different methods. For example, single anodization, thermal annealing, precipitation, and electrochemical deposition have been applied to simplify the doping process. In this review, anodization of Ti to produce TiO2 and doping methods will be discussed in detail.

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The formation mechanism of titania nanotube arrays in hydrofluoric acid electrolyte

Cited by 79 publications

References 25 publications

From single to multiple TiO2 nanotubes layers: Analysis of the parameters which influence the growth

From single to multiple TiO2 nanotubes layers: Analysis of the parameters which influence the growth

Utilization of Electrolyte Solution in Nanotube Formation on Ti-6Al-4V Metal Alloy

Research Trends in Doping Methods on TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Arrays Prepared by Electrochemical Anodization

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