The formation of chloride adducts in the detection of dinitro-compounds by ion mobility spectrometry

Lawrence, A. H.; Neudörfl, P.; Stone, John A.

doi:10.1016/s1387-3806(01)00497-3

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Cl − adducts for organonitrates have been observed (Bouma and Jennings, 1981;Lawrence et al, 2001;Rajapakse et al, 2016;Zhu and Cole, 2000), and MIDAS does not propose realistic organonitrates without Cl − . The uncertainty for the mass of Cl adducts is reasonably low (∼ 50 ppm).…”

Section: Photochemical Organonitrate Formation In Wet Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical organonitrate formation in wet aerosols

Lim

Kim

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Water is the most abundant component of atmospheric fine aerosol. However, despite rapid progress, multiphase chemistry involving wet aerosols is still poorly understood. In this work, we report results from smog chamber photooxidation of glyoxal-and OH-containing ammonium sulfate or sulfuric acid particles in the presence of NO x and O 3 at high and low relative humidity. Particles were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS).During the 3 h irradiation, OH oxidation products of glyoxal that are also produced in dilute aqueous solutions (e.g., oxalic acids and tartaric acids) were formed in both ammonium sulfate (AS) aerosols and sulfuric acid (SA) aerosols. However, the major products were organonitrogens (CHNO), organosulfates (CHOS), and organonitrogen sulfates (CHNOS). These were also the dominant products formed in the dark chamber, indicating non-radical formation. In the humid chamber (> 70 % relative humidity, RH), two main products for both AS and SA aerosols were organonitrates, which appeared at m / z − 147 and 226. They were formed in the aqueous phase via non-radical reactions of glyoxal and nitric acid, and their formation was enhanced by photochemistry because of the photochemical formation of nitric acid via reactions of peroxy radicals, NO x and OH during the irradiation.

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Section: Photochemical Organonitrate Formation In Wet Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical organonitrate formation in wet aerosols

Lim

Kim

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Ions in fields below 10 Td have T eff essentially equal to T, the temperature of the surrounding gas. The reactions of ions in ion mobility spectrometers under low field conditions at atmospheric pressure and well-defined temperatures can therefore provide kinetic and thermodynamic data [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A determination of the effective temperatures for the dissociation of the proton bound dimer of dimethyl methylphosphonate in a planar differential mobility spectrometer

Eiceman

Stone

2010

Int. J. Ion Mobil. Spec.

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The dissociation of the proton bound dimer of dimethyl methylphosphonate to the protonated and neutral molecule has been studied in a planar differential mobility spectrometer. The internal energy of the ions is the sum of the thermal component and the electric field component and results in an effective temperature, T eff , that is significantly greater than that of the ambient atmosphere temperature, T. The measured rate constant for dissociation, which rises exponentially with field strength, together with activation energy and pre-exponential factor previously determined under thermal conditions, allow the calculation of T eff as a function of electric field strength. T eff is a linear function of electric field intensity at constant T over the range of T from 60°C to 140°C. The efficiency of the available collision energy in causing dissociation decreases with increasing T, from 52% at 60°C to 40% at 140°C.

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“…The formation of chloride adducts with dinitro-alkanes has been studied. Special focus was the association of chloride with DMNB (2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane) a prospective taggant for plastic explosives (Lawrence, Neudorfl, & Stone, 2001). Selective explosive capture by using filters impregnated with Lewis acidic b-diketonate polymers has been demonstrated.…”

Section: Ims Applications In Explosive Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion spectrometric detection technologies for ultra‐traces of explosives: A review

Mäkinen

Nousiainen

Sillanpää

2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

147

102

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In recent years, explosive materials have been widely employed for various military applications and civilian conflicts; their use for hostile purposes has increased considerably. The detection of different kind of explosive agents has become crucially important for protection of human lives, infrastructures, and properties. Moreover, both the environmental aspects such as the risk of soil and water contamination and health risks related to the release of explosive particles need to be taken into account. For these reasons, there is a growing need to develop analyzing methods which are faster and more sensitive for detecting explosives. The detection techniques of the explosive materials should ideally serve fast real-time analysis in high accuracy and resolution from a minimal quantity of explosive without involving complicated sample preparation. The performance of the in-field analysis of extremely hazardous material has to be user-friendly and safe for operators. The two closely related ion spectrometric methods used in explosive analyses include mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). The four requirements-speed, selectivity, sensitivity, and sampling-are fulfilled with both of these methods.

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The formation of chloride adducts in the detection of dinitro-compounds by ion mobility spectrometry

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Photochemical organonitrate formation in wet aerosols

Photochemical organonitrate formation in wet aerosols

A determination of the effective temperatures for the dissociation of the proton bound dimer of dimethyl methylphosphonate in a planar differential mobility spectrometer

Ion spectrometric detection technologies for ultra‐traces of explosives: A review

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