The formula for the secondary electron yield at high incident electron energy from silver and copper

Xie, Ai-Gen; Zhao, Haidong; Song, Biao; Pei, Yanxi

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.02.060

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…(7) and (8) for energies above 10 keV. The experimental data reported by Xie et al 30 at normal incidence for copper (Fig. 2 of Ref.…”

Section: A Results With See Only From Anodesmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…2 of Ref. 30) were used as the basis for parameter extraction and curve-fitting. For the energy region below 10 keV, the formulation of Lin and Joy 40 was applied, with a smooth continuous transition for the energy-dependent SEY between the two regimes.…”

Section: A Results With See Only From Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Analysis of this phenomenon is complicated by the fact that SEE depends on the surface conditions of a sample. Unfortunately, the very process of primary electron impact on an emitting surface can lead to charging or surface defect creation, as well as changes in the surface chemistry and material properties such as the workfunction.…”

Section: Model and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the role of secondary electron emission on the characteristics of 6-cavity magnetrons with transparent cathode through particle-in-cell simulations

Qiu

Prasad

Ludeking³

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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Effects of secondary electron emission (SEE) on the performance of a 6-cavity relativistic magnetron with transparent cathodes are probed through particle-in-cell simulations. Appropriate relations for the secondary electron yield have been developed and used. For comparisons, separate simulations have been performed with- and without electron cascading. Simulation results seem to indicate SEE to be detrimental to the power output due to deviations in the starting trajectories of secondary electrons, and the reduced fraction with synchronized rotational velocity. A higher reduction in output power is predicted with electron cascading, though mode competition was not seen at the 0.65 T field. A possible solution to mitigating SEE in magnetrons for high power microwave applications would be to alter the surface properties of emitting electrodes through irradiation, which can lead to graphitic film formation.

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“…(7) and (8) for energies above 10 keV. The experimental data reported by Xie et al 30 at normal incidence for copper (Fig. 2 of Ref.…”

Section: A Results With See Only From Anodesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: A Results With See Only From Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessing the role of secondary electron emission on the characteristics of 6-cavity magnetrons with transparent cathode through particle-in-cell simulations

Qiu

Prasad

Ludeking³

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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show abstract

“…For a secondary electron emitter, 𝐵 is a constant and is not a function of the incident energy of primary electrons. [1,2,[4][5][6]15,19] Therefore, Eq. ( 18) for 𝐵 deduced under the condition that primary electrons at a high electron energy hit on insulators is universal for the estimation of 𝐵 under the condition that primary electrons at any energy hit on insulators.…”

Section: Top Of Valence Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formula for the Probability of Secondary Electrons Passing over the Surface Barrier into a Vacuum

Xie¹,

Xiao²,

Zhan³

et al. 2012

Chinese Phys. Lett.

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Based on a simple classical model that primary electrons at high electron energy interact with the electrons of lattice by the Coulomb force, we deduce the energy of secondary electrons. In addition, the number of secondary electrons in the direction of velocity of primary electrons per unit path length, 𝑛, is obtained. According to the energy band of the insulator, 𝑛, the definition of the probability 𝐵 of secondary electrons passing over the surface barrier of insulator into the vacuum and the assumption that lattice scattering is ignored, we deduce the expression of 𝐵 related to the width of the forbidden band (𝐸𝑔) and the electron affinity 𝜒. As a whole, the 𝐵 values calculated with the formula agree well with the experimental data. The calculated 𝐵 values lie between zero and unity and are discussed theoretically. Finally, we conclude that the deduced formula and the theory that explains the relationships among 𝐵, 𝜒 and 𝐸𝑔 are correct.

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“…The secondary electron emission is an important research topic. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Computational approaches based on the Monte-Carlo method allow us to calculate the secondary electron emission. [11][12][13][14][15] Modern technologies such as secondary electron dopant mapping [16,17] and critical dimension scanning electron microscopy [14,18] allow us to research the secondary electron emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formula for average energy required to produce a secondary electron in an insulator

Xie¹,

Zhan²,

Gao³

et al. 2013

Chinese Phys. B

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Based on a simple classical model specifying that the primary electrons interact with the electrons of a lattice through the Coulomb force and a conclusion that the lattice scattering can be ignored, the formula for the average energy required to produce a secondary electron (∊) is obtained. On the basis of the energy band of an insulator and the formula for ∊, the formula for the average energy required to produce a secondary electron in an insulator (∊i) is deduced as a function of the width of the forbidden band (Eg) and electron affinity χ. Experimental values and the ∊i values calculated with the formula are compared, and the results validate the theory that explains the relationships among Eg, χ, and ∊i and suggest that the formula for ∊i is universal on the condition that the primary electrons at any energy hit the insulator.

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The formula for the secondary electron yield at high incident electron energy from silver and copper

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Assessing the role of secondary electron emission on the characteristics of 6-cavity magnetrons with transparent cathode through particle-in-cell simulations

Assessing the role of secondary electron emission on the characteristics of 6-cavity magnetrons with transparent cathode through particle-in-cell simulations

Formula for the Probability of Secondary Electrons Passing over the Surface Barrier into a Vacuum

Formula for average energy required to produce a secondary electron in an insulator

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