The fourth age of research

Adams, Jonathan

doi:10.1038/497557a

Cited by 482 publications

(373 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The research collaboration, by sharing specific competencies and data, improves labor efficiency and research quality, and supports the process of scientific production, knowledge creation, and breakthroughs (4-6). Adams (7) argues that "the best science comes from international collaboration" and "scientific research is entering a new age, driven by international collaborations." As scientific collaboration networks are expanding and characterizing the social construction of science (8,9), many studies have a growing interest in explaining the patterns of international scientific collaboration and coauthorship networks for different fields of science (10)(11)(12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and convergence of the patterns of international scientific collaboration

Coccia

Wang

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

209

101

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International research collaboration plays an important role in the social construction and evolution of science. Studies of science increasingly analyze international collaboration across multiple organizations for its impetus in improving research quality, advancing efficiency of the scientific production, and fostering breakthroughs in a shorter time. However, long-run patterns of international research collaboration across scientific fields and their structural changes over time are hardly known. Here we show the convergence of international scientific collaboration across research fields over time. Our study uses a dataset by the National Science Foundation and computes the fraction of papers that have international institutional coauthorships for various fields of science. We compare our results with pioneering studies carried out in the 1970s and 1990s by applying a standardization method that transforms all fractions of internationally coauthored papers into a comparable framework. We find, over 1973–2012, that the evolution of collaboration patterns across scientific disciplines seems to generate a convergence between applied and basic sciences. We also show that the general architecture of international scientific collaboration, based on the ranking of fractions of international coauthorships for different scientific fields per year, has tended to be unchanged over time, at least until now. Overall, this study shows, to our knowledge for the first time, the evolution of the patterns of international scientific collaboration starting from initial results described by literature in the 1970s and 1990s. We find a convergence of these long-run collaboration patterns between the applied and basic sciences. This convergence might be one of contributing factors that supports the evolution of modern scientific fields.

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confidence: 99%

Evolution and convergence of the patterns of international scientific collaboration

Coccia

Wang

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

209

101

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“…However, despite advances in computing, collaboration tends to be initiated and sustained through interactions that happen in person 4 . Limiting mobility is likely to have adverse effects on the scientific system, which is increasingly dependent on international collaboration 5 .…”

Section: Mobility Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientists have most impact when they're free to move

Sugimoto

Robinson-García

Murray

et al. 2017

Nature

155

141

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“…Collaboration in science highlighted increased partnerships between scientific advanced and emergent countries in terms of co-authoring scientific papers (Adams 2013), as well as at the global level (Wagner et al 2015). That translates in strong benefits for participating countries (Glänzel 2001) and institutions (Gazni et al 2012) in terms of citations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Travel bans and scientific mobility: utility of asymmetry and affinity indexes to inform science policy

Chinchilla‐Rodríguez

Robinson-García

et al. 2018

Scientometrics

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This study explores the international profiles in collaboration and mobility of countries included in the so-called ''travel bans'' implemented by US President Trump as executive order in 2017. The objective of this research is to analyze the exchange of knowledge between countries and the relative importance of specific countries in order to inform evidence-based science policy. The work serves as a proof-of-concept of the utility of asymmetry and affinity indexes for collaboration and mobility. Comparative analyses of these indicators can be useful for informing immigration policies and motivating collaboration and mobility relationships-emphasizing the importance of geographic and cultural similarities. Egocentric and relational perspectives are analyzed to provide various lenses on the importance of countries. Our analysis suggests that comparisons of

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The fourth age of research

Cited by 482 publications

References 7 publications

Evolution and convergence of the patterns of international scientific collaboration

Evolution and convergence of the patterns of international scientific collaboration

Scientists have most impact when they're free to move

Travel bans and scientific mobility: utility of asymmetry and affinity indexes to inform science policy

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