The Frequency and Clinical Implications of Bacteriuria in Chronically Paralyzed Dogs

Baigi, S. Rafatpanah; Vaden, Shelly L.; Olby, Natasha J.

doi:10.1111/jvim.14854

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The reader is referred to previous reviews for a more in depth discussion around detection and treatment of urinary tract infections ( 55 ) and some guidelines are also presented by Baigi et al ( 46 ). Briefly, a urinary tract infection is suspected if there is an active urine sediment, defined as > 5 white blood cell/high power field ± bacteriuria (>10 5 CFU/mL), pyuria, urine cloudiness and foul smell and/or pyrexia.…”

Section: Management Of Urinary Retention and Incontinence In The Acutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bladder and Bowel Management in Dogs With Spinal Cord Injury

2020

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Spinal cord injury in companion dogs can lead to urinary and fecal incontinence or retention, depending on the severity, and localization of the lesion along the canine nervous system. The bladder and gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by lesions of the autonomic system can be difficult to recognize, interpret and are easily overlooked. Nevertheless, it is crucial to maintain a high degree of awareness of the impact of micturition and defecation disturbances on the animal's condition, welfare and on the owner. The management of these disabilities is all the more challenging that the autonomic nervous system physiology is a complex topic. In this review, we propose to briefly remind the reader the physiology of micturition and defecation in dogs. We then present the bladder and gastrointestinal clinical signs associated with sacral lesions (i.e., the L7-S3 spinal cord segments and nerves) and supra-sacral lesions (i.e., cranial to the L7 spinal cord segment), largely in the context of intervertebral disc herniation. We summarize what is known about the natural recovery of urinary and fecal continence in dogs after spinal cord injury. In particular we review the incidence of urinary tract infection after injury. We finally explore the past and recent literature describing management of urinary and fecal dysfunction in the acute and chronic phase of spinal cord injury. This comprises medical therapies but importantly a number of surgical options, some known for decades such as sacral nerve stimulation, that might spark some interest in the field of spinal cord injury in companion dogs.

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Section: Management Of Urinary Retention and Incontinence In The Acutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, a high rate of bacteriuria was identified in dogs with chronic (>3 months) spinal cord injury ( 46 ). The most common isolate was E. Coli : 35 of 47 dogs had at least 1 positive urine culture and 13 dogs had recurrent bacteriuria.…”

Section: Management Of Urinary Incontinence In the Chronic Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder and Bowel Management in Dogs With Spinal Cord Injury

2020

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“…Concordance between urine and blood cultures is poorly understood in veterinary practice, though links between urinary and bloodstream pathogens are recognized and exploited clinically and experimentally (25). There have been multiple surveys of dogs with culture-positive bloodstream infections (9,26,27) and urinary tract infections (28)(29)(30)(31), but to our knowledge, there are no studies focused on the concordance between urine and blood cultures. We tested the hypothesis that there would be agreement between parallel urine and blood cultures obtained at a tertiary referral center.…”

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confidence: 99%

Agreement between Parallel Canine Blood and Urine Cultures: Is Urine Culture the Poor Man's Blood Culture?

et al. 2018

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Bloodstream infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill dogs, but due to cost and difficulties in sample acquisition, blood cultures are infrequently obtained. In ill dogs, urine cultures may be recommended as surrogates for blood cultures. In order to determine the outcome agreement between parallel urine and blood cultures, we retrospectively analyzed parallel blood and urine specimens submitted for culture from dogs at the NC State Veterinary Hospital between 2011 and 2016. Positive cultures were reported from 15% of the submitted blood specimens and 23% of the submitted urine specimens. A total of 295 urine and blood samples were submitted in parallel, with positive growth demonstrated in 14 concordant and five discordant pairs. A kappa statistic comparing blood and urine culture outcomes was 0.266 (fair) when all parallel growth was included, including concordant and discordant results, and 0.170 (poor) when restricted to parallel concordant growth. The sensitivity of urine to reflect concordant bloodstream bacterial organisms was 30%, with a specificity of 87%. The positive and negative predictive values were 30% and 88%, respectively. Of dogs with both specimens positive on bacterial culture, 7 of 7 (100%) with suspected urogenital infection sources were concordant. All dogs with discordant bloodstream and urinary infections were immunosuppressed. Urinary coagulase-positive isolates were most likely to be concordant with bloodstream infections. In conclusion, we found that urine culture is neither a substitute nor a screen for blood culture. Blood cultures should be performed in any potentially septic animal, especially those that are considered immunosuppressed.

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“…2014, Rafatpanah Baigi et al . 2017). Polyuria/polydipsia (PU/PD) is common in dogs with CPSSs, leading to low USG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for urinary bacterial growth in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts: 66 cases (1997‐2019)

Tinoco-Najera

Steiner

Suchodolski

et al. 2021

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objective To identify risk factors for urinary bacterial growth in dogs with confirmed congenital portosystemic shunts on which a quantitative urine culture was performed. Materials and Methods Sixty‐six dogs were included in this retrospective cross‐sectional study. Medical records were reviewed from 1997 through 2019. Variables of interest included age, sex and sexual status, clinical signs for a urinary tract infection, blood urea concentration, urinalysis abnormalities, ultrasound abnormalities of the urinary tract, and previous treatment. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. Results The median age of the dogs was one year (range: 0.2‐11.0 years). Urinary tract ultrasound abnormalities (cystic calculi and cystic debris) were reported in 50 dogs (75.7%). Abnormalities on urinalysis included pyuria in nine dogs (13.6%), bacteriuria in 13 dogs (19.7%), and haematuria in 26 dogs (39.4%). The median urine specific gravity was 1.021 (range: 1.004‐1.052). Sixteen dogs (24.2%) had a positive quantitative urine culture. Based on multivariable analysis, bacteriuria (Odds ratio, 116; 95% CI, 9.6‐1393; P = < 0.001) was the only variable significantly associated with a significantly increased odds for a positive quantitative urine culture. Clinical Significance Clinical and subclinical bacteriuria can occur in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. In this group of dogs, bacteriuria was a risk factor for urinary bacterial growth.

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The Frequency and Clinical Implications of Bacteriuria in Chronically Paralyzed Dogs

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Bladder and Bowel Management in Dogs With Spinal Cord Injury

Bladder and Bowel Management in Dogs With Spinal Cord Injury

Agreement between Parallel Canine Blood and Urine Cultures: Is Urine Culture the Poor Man's Blood Culture?

Risk factors for urinary bacterial growth in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts: 66 cases (1997‐2019)

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