The Gender Gap and Career Path of the Academic Profession Under the Civil Service System at a Religious University in Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

In this article I argue that male academics under civil servant system in a religious university still dominate the highest academic positions. This study applies logistic regression (binary and ordinal regression) since the available data, especially for dependent variable, is categorical and it does not fulfil the assumption of ordinary least square. By applying ordinal regression, gender is found to be undetected compared to other variables (age, length of tenure, and educational qualifications). Nevertheless, a statistical analysis utilising binary regression indicates that gender is a significant factor along with length of tenure and educational qualifications. The data obtained from the religious university is made up of the curriculum vitae of 749 academics in 2012 who are nearly all civil servants at the university.

Indonesian Women in Public Service Leadership: A Rapid Review

“…Nine research studies, represented across 14 articles, were included in this review. Studies were categorized into three types: research on women in Indonesia's civil service (Azmi et al 2012;Krissetyanti 2018aKrissetyanti , 2018bKrissetyanti et al 2017); research on women in public universities (quasi-public service in the Indonesian context) (Dzuhayatin and Edwards 2010;Kholis 2012aKholis , 2012bKholis , 2014Kholis , 2017Murniati 2012;Toyibah 2018); and other relevant studies on women's career advancement in to senior leadership in Indonesia (Nurak et al 2018;Shasrini and Wulandari 2017;Simorangkir 2009).…”

“…While not generalizable, these studies provided rich insights into the way that career advancement barriers and facilitators are conceptualized by the researchers, as well as the participants interviewed. Three studies used either mixed-method (Nurak et al 2018;Toyibah 2018) or multi-method (Kholis 2012a(Kholis , 2012b(Kholis , 2014(Kholis , 2017 research designs. One study was an opinion based narrative overview utilizing purposively selected literature (Dzuhayatin and Edwards 2010).…”

“…While support from within the workplace was important, all nine studies explained how gender performativity in Indonesian culture required women to manage both their productive and reproductive work should they want a career. Accordingly, gaining support for career advancement from the women's families was important across several studies (Toyibah 2018;Nurak et al 2018;Azmi et al 2012). 'Support from family' often meant convincing husbands and others that that they would not have to alleviate the women of their reproductive burdens (Toyibah 2018).…”

“…Accordingly, gaining support for career advancement from the women's families was important across several studies (Toyibah 2018;Nurak et al 2018;Azmi et al 2012). 'Support from family' often meant convincing husbands and others that that they would not have to alleviate the women of their reproductive burdens (Toyibah 2018). Three studies suggested that women from middle-and upper-class families were more likely to advance their careers because: (1) they could afford higher education; and (2) could afford domestic help when the support of close family members was not available (Dzuhayatin and Edwards 2010;Murniati 2012).…”

“…In addition to receiving workplace and domestic support, five studies identified that successful Indonesian career women had a positive self-perception, aspirations for senior leadership, and a commitment to succeed at all odds (Toyibah 2018;Azmi et al 2012;Krissetyanti 2018aKrissetyanti , 2018bKrissetyanti et al 2017;Dzuhayatin and Edwards 2010;Murniati 2012). Six studies stated that women either lacked confidence or did not have sufficient aspiration to vie for advancement to senior leadership (Dzuhayatin and Edwards 2010;Azmi et al 2012;Kholis 2012aKholis , 2012bKholis , 2014Kholis , 2017Murniati 2012;Shasrini and Wulandari 2017;Simorangkir 2009).…”