The gene expression of the Potamopyrgus antipodarum estrogen receptor under estrogenic exposure

Sediment contact test with Potamopyrgus antipodarum in effect-directed analyses—challenges and opportunities

“…This species was already described as being very sensitive to endocrine-disrupting compounds (Duft et al 2007), whereby even hints for the presence of a functional estrogen receptor (Stange et al 2009) and vertebrate-like steroids (Gust et al 2010) were reported recently. The response of the snails to endocrine disruptors is thereby expressed as a change in reproduction output, namely the number of embryos in the brood pouch.…”