The Genetic Architecture of Ecological Specialization: Correlated Gene Effects on Host Use and Habitat Choice in Pea Aphids

Via, Sara; Hawthorne, David J.

doi:10.1086/338374

Cited by 142 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Intriguingly, the results indicated that one of these QTLs (called Coy-2) behaves as a one-allele assortative mating locus, that is, a locus where assortative mating is enhanced by increase in the same allele in both populations (Felsenstein, 1981), hence providing a plausible explanation for reinforcement of preferences despite gene flow between the two species. Similarly, the demonstration in the pea aphid that QTLs with antagonistic effects on performance on the two hosts are genetically linked to QTLs responsible for host acceptance suggests that this type of genetic architecture (close linkage or pleiotropy) has facilitated both the evolution of specialization and reproductive isolation among these sympatric populations (Hawthorne and Via, 2001;Via and Hawthorne, 2002).…”

Section: Genetics Of Divergence In Chemosensory Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the scent of speciation: the chemosensory system and its role in premating isolation

2008

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Chemosensory speciation is characterized by the evolution of barriers to genetic exchange that involve chemosensory systems and chemical signals. Here, we review some representative studies documenting chemosensory speciation in an attempt to evaluate the importance and the different aspects of the process in nature and to gain insights into the genetic basis and the evolutionary mechanisms of chemosensory trait divergence. Although most studies of chemosensory speciation concern sexual isolation mediated by pheromone divergence, especially in Drosophila and moth species, other chemically based behaviours (habitat choice, pollinator attraction) can also play an important role in speciation and are likely to do so in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species. Adaptive divergence of chemosensory traits in response to factors such as pollinators, hosts and conspecifics commonly drives the evolution of chemical prezygotic barriers. Although the genetic basis of chemosensory speciation remains largely unknown, genomic approaches to chemosensory gene families and to enzymes involved in biosynthetic pathways of signal compounds now provide new opportunities to dissect the genetic basis of these complex traits and of their divergence among taxa.

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Section: Genetics Of Divergence In Chemosensory Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the scent of speciation: the chemosensory system and its role in premating isolation

2008

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“…For instance, Via and Hawthorne (2002) mapped QTLs to examine the genetic mechanism underlying the tradeoff in performance across host plants in pea aphids. Their results suggested that antagonistic pleiotropy was the mechanism by which the tradeoff had evolved, indicating a fundamental tradeoff between performance on these host plants (Via and Hawthorne, 2002).…”

Section: Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Via and Hawthorne (2002) have shown that a quantitative genetic approach can provide information on fundamental mechanisms underlying tradeoffs. Ideally, the use of quantitative and molecular genetic techniques, combined with physiological and functional information, will lead to an understanding of how environmental conditions influence underlying life history evolution.…”

Section: Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic correlations, tradeoffs and environmental variation

2004

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Negative genetic correlations among traits are often used as evidence for tradeoffs that can influence evolutionary trajectories in populations. While there may be evidence for negative correlations within a particular environment, genetic correlations can shift when populations encounter different environmental conditions. Here we review the evidence for these shifts by focusing on experiments that have examined genetic correlations in more than one environment. In many studies, there are significant changes in correlations and these can even switch sign across environments. This raises questions about the validity of deducing genetic constraints from studies in one environment and suggests that the interaction between environmental conditions and the expression of genetic covariation is an important avenue for future work.

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“…However, theoretical efforts to define the conditions that should lead to specialization or generalization have not yet produced a consensus (Levene 1953;Rice 1984;Brown & Pavlovic 1992;Fry 1996;Johnson et al 1996;Whitlock 1996). In part, a lack of empirical data is holding back a resolution, because we know little about the traits controlling specialization or their genetic underpinnings (Johnson et al 1996;Peichel et al 2001;Via & Hawthorne 2002). In animals, evidence is accumulating that divergent selection on resource acquisition can lead to habitat or trophic specialization and thereby promote speciation and adaptive radiation (Richman & Price 1992;Schluter 1995;Lu & Bernatchez 1999;Via 1999;Rundle et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for mycorrhizal races in a cheating orchid

Taylor

Bruns

Hodges

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

101

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Disruptive selection on habitat or host-specificity has contributed to the diversification of several animal groups, especially plant-feeding insects. Photosynthetic plants typically associate with a broad range of mycorrhizal fungi, while non-photosynthetic plants that capture energy from mycorrhizal fungi ('mycoheterotrophs') are often specialized towards particular taxa. Sister myco-heterotroph species are often specialized towards different fungal taxa, suggesting rapid evolutionary shifts in specificity. Within-species variation in specificity has not been explored. Here, we tested whether genetic variation for mycorrhizal specificity occurs within the myco-heterotrophic orchid Corallorhiza maculata. Variation across three single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed six multilocus genotypes across 122 orchids from 30 sites. These orchids were associated with 22 different fungal species distributed across the Russulaceae (ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes) according to internal-transcribed-spacer sequence analysis. The fungi associated with four out of the six orchid genotypes fell predominantly within distinct subclades of the Russulaceae. This result was supported by Monte Carlo simulation and analyses of molecular variance of fungal sequence diversity. Different orchid genotypes were often found growing in close proximity, but maintained their distinct fungal associations. Similar patterns are characteristic of insect populations diversifying onto multiple hosts. We suggest that diversification and specialization of mycorrhizal associations have contributed to the rapid radiation of the Orchidaceae.

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The Genetic Architecture of Ecological Specialization: Correlated Gene Effects on Host Use and Habitat Choice in Pea Aphids

Cited by 142 publications

References 51 publications

On the scent of speciation: the chemosensory system and its role in premating isolation

On the scent of speciation: the chemosensory system and its role in premating isolation

Genetic correlations, tradeoffs and environmental variation

Evidence for mycorrhizal races in a cheating orchid

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