The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of dermally-administered cadmium: effects of dermal cadmium administration.

Toxic effects of cadmium on testis of birds and mammals: A review

“…At low and moderate concentrations in cell culture systems Cd primarily causes apoptosis, and at higher concentrations necrosis becomes evident (Templeton and Liu, 2010). The toxic effects of Cd include alterations in permeability of plasma membranes, damage to nuclear and mitochondrial membranes, increase in chromatin condensation with incorporation of Cd into the chromatin, ladder-like splitting of DNA and decrease in the total DNA content, respectively (Fasanyaodewumi et al, 1998;Habeebu et al, 2000;Klimova and Misurova, 2001;Thompson and Bannigan, 2008). The inhibition of DNA Q7 repair processes by Cd represents a mechanism by which Cd enhances the genotoxicity of other agents (Waisberg et al, 2003).…”

Cadmium and its inorganic compounds [MAK Value Documentation, 2006]

“…Distension of the stomach, body weight loss, liver and kidney damage observed after dermal application of cadmium chloride (14 or 28 mg/kg body weight and day, up to 42 days) (see Section 5.2.3) and dose-dependent genotoxic effects (see Section 5.6.2) (Fasanya-Odewumi et al 1998) also suggest dermal absorption. Like Lansdown and Sampson (1996), these authors also reported slight skin damage in the course of the experiment.…”

“…In the DNA of liver cells, however, the number of single strand breaks was not increased. With the aid of the comet assay, Fasanya-Odewumi et al (1998) found a marked increase in damage to the DNA of brain, kidney and liver cells of Harlan-Sprague-Dawley rats after dermal application of cadmium chloride (14 or 28 mg/kg body weight and day, up to 42 days) (see Section 5.2.3). The degree of DNA damage thereby correlated with the dose and duration of cadmium exposure.…”

“…After dermal application of cadmium chloride (14 or 28 mg/kg body weight and day, up to 42 days) to Harlan-Sprague-Dawley rats, Fasanya-Odewumi et al (1998) found effects such as distention of the stomach, loss of body weight, atrophy of the kidneys and liver (see Section 3.1.1), cytotoxic effects and, with the comet assay, a dose-dependent increase in DNA damage in brain, kidneys and liver cells (see Section 5.6.1). Like Lansdown and Sampson (1996) these authors also reported slight skin damage during their experiment.…”

Protective Effects of Curcumin on Cadmium-Induced Renal Injury in Young and Aged Rats

“…Cd causes oxidative tissue damage by accumulating mainly in the kidney, bone, brain, lung, and liver cells (4,5). The effects of Cd on various cell types include chromatin condensation and damage to cell membranes, including the mitochondrial cristae membrane, resulting in an increase in their permeability (6). Cd exposure results in the impairment of the antioxidant defense system in the kidney and liver (7)(8)(9).…”