The German ochratoxin A project: Contamination of foods and consumer exposure.

Gareis, M.; Wolff, J.; Bresch, H.; Engel, G.; Rosner, H.; Majerus, P.; Scheuer, Rainer; Cholmakow-Bodechtel, Constanze

doi:10.2520/myco.51.31

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In Spain, in Italy, and in France (Aquitaine area), the maximum values were 4 lg/L, 2 lg/L and 161 lg/L, respectively (Jimenez et al, 1998;Creppy et al, 1993). The German population presents a median concentration of 0.2 lg/L (Gareis et al, 2001). Higher maximum levels have also been reported in other European countries, such as Croatia, Denmark, and Poland (Peraica et al, 1999;Jimenez et al, 1998) (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The frequency of detection of 100% was also observed in Sweden-Visby, Switzerland, Norway-Oslo, and Canada. However, other countries, such Yugoslavia, Germany, Croatia, and Tunisia showed detections oscillating between 6.6% and 98% (Marquardt and Frolich, 1992;Gareis et al, 2001;Peraica et al, 1999;Singare-Tigori et al, 2006), probably due to different limits of detection or limits of quantification of the analytical methodology used. Data disposable from bibliography shows that LODs vary between 0.01 lg/L and 0.52 lg/L and LOQs between 0.05 lg/L and 0.78 lg/L (Thuvander et al, 2001;Jimenez et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These levels oscillated between 0.18 lg/L, in Norway, and 1.09 lg/L, in United Kingdom (Thuvander et al, 2001). In most countries, the detection frequency is 100% (Thuvander et al, 2001;Zimmerli and Dick, 1995) with exception of Yugoslavia, Germany, and Croatia, with 6.6%, 98%, and 59.4%, respectively (Marquardt and Frolich, 1992;Gareis et al, 2001;Peraica et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Levels of ochratoxin A in serum from urban and rural Portuguese populations and estimation of exposure degree

Lino

Baeta

Henri

et al. 2008

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Urban and rural population exposure to ochratoxin A (OTA) in central zone of Portugal was investigated in three places: Coimbra, Verride and Ereira. The analytical method proposed for the determination of ochratoxin A involved extraction with chloroform-orthophosphoric acid, cleanup through an immunoaffinity column (IAC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with spectrofluorimetric detection (FD) for separation and identification of ochratoxin A, and confirmation with HPLC-FD after OTA methylation in serum. The limit of quantification of the proposed method was 0.1 microg/L for serum and 0.05 microg/L for blood. OTA recoveries in serum ranged from 70.3% to 115.3% for levels at 0.25 microg/L and 0.5 microg/L, respectively, with a within-day RSD between 8.0% and 16.2%. Ochratoxin A serum levels were evaluated in an hundred and four donors from Coimbra city, Verride, and Ereira. The study revealed a frequency of detection of 100%. The ratio of ochratoxin A level in serum to whole blood was 2.0+/-0.7. The overall concentrations range from 0.25 to 2.49 microg/L, 0.14 to 1.91 microg/L, and 0.19 to 0.96 microg/L, for samples of Verride, Ereira, and Coimbra, respectively. The mean concentration and standard deviation were 0.78+/-0.53 microg/L, 0.44+/-0.31 microg/L, and 0.42+/-0.18 microg/L for the same samples. A significant difference was found in Verride population (P-value=0.000). Levels of OTA are clearly higher in males from rural areas than in females. For all samples, a significant difference was found in Verride male population (P-value=0.014).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Levels of ochratoxin A in serum from urban and rural Portuguese populations and estimation of exposure degree

Lino

Baeta

Henri

et al. 2008

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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“…Recently, evidences in renal-specific toxicity, epigenetic and genotoxic mechanisms have been reported [8]. OTA has been detected in food and feeds including meat and meat products [9][10][11][12]. Its occurrence in meat and meat products can be ascribed to an indirect transmission via the ingestion of OTA-contaminated feed by pigs [13,14] or to direct contamination due to mould growth in the outer layers of meat products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of ochratoxin A in dry-cured meat products by a HPLC–FLD quantitative method

Toscani

Moseriti

Dossena

et al. 2007

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Cereal products are assumed to be the major dietary source in humans [5], although other commodities (pork meat, coffee, wine, beer, cheese, poultry products) can contain traces of this toxin [6,7,8,9]. OTA can occur in animal products as a result of either direct contamination with toxigenic moulds or indirect transmission (carryover) in animals fed with naturally contaminated feed [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of ochratoxin�A in pig tissues by liquid?liquid extraction and clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography

Monaci

Tantillo

Palmisano

2004

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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A fast, simple, and sensitive HPLC-FD method is described for determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in pig kidney and muscle; a small mass (<2.5 g) of sample and a relatively small volume (<15 mL) of a non-halogenated extraction solvent are required. Ochratoxin B, systematically absent from all the samples investigated, was used as internal standard. Liquid-liquid partition was used for sample clean-up. Recoveries at the 1 ng x g(-1) level were 86+/-15% and 74+/-8% for kidney and muscle, respectively, and detection limits were 0.14 and 0.15 ng x g(-1). Clean-up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) is required for pig liver. A survey of the OTA content of tissues of pigs slaughtered in southern Italy revealed that 52 out of 54 analysed samples were contaminated; the OTA concentration in kidney ranged between 0.26 and 3.05 ng x g(-1). The effect of measurement precision on compliance with legal limits is also discussed.

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The German ochratoxin A project: Contamination of foods and consumer exposure.

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Levels of ochratoxin A in serum from urban and rural Portuguese populations and estimation of exposure degree

Levels of ochratoxin A in serum from urban and rural Portuguese populations and estimation of exposure degree

Determination of ochratoxin A in dry-cured meat products by a HPLC–FLD quantitative method

Determination of ochratoxin�A in pig tissues by liquid?liquid extraction and clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography

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