The Global State of Helminth Control and Elimination in Children

Weatherhead, Jill E.; Hotez, Peter J.; Mejia, Rojelio

doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2017.03.005

Cited by 63 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…STH disproportionately affects children of low socioeconomic status, immigrants, refugees, and adoptees from foreign countries [67]. By contrast, the proportion of immigrants among the total Japanese population is quite low (1.8%) [68], and Japan has very high standards of WASH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What does soil-transmitted helminth elimination look like? Results from a targeted molecular detection survey in Japan

et al. 2020

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Background: Japan is one of the few countries believed to have eliminated soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). In 1949, the national prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 62.9%, which decreased to 0.6% in 1973 due to improvements in infrastructure, socioeconomic status, and the implementation of national STH control measures. The Parasitosis Prevention Law ended in 1994 and population-level screening ceased in Japan; therefore, current transmission status of STH in Japan is not well characterized. Sporadic cases of STH infections continue to be reported, raising the possibility of a larger-scale recrudescence of STH infections. Given that traditional microscopic detection methods are not sensitive to low-intensity STH infections, we conducted targeted prevalence surveys using sensitive PCR-based assays to evaluate the current STH-transmission status and to describe epidemiological characteristics of areas of Japan believed to have achieved historical elimination of STHs.Methods: Stool samples were collected from 682 preschool-and school-aged children from six localities of Japan with previously high prevalence of STH. Caregivers of participants completed a questionnaire to ascertain access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and potential exposures to environmental contamination. For fecal testing, multi-parallel real-time PCR assays were used to detect infections of Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale and Trichuris trichiura.Results: Among the 682 children, no positive samples were identified, and participants reported high standards of WASH. Conclusions:To our knowledge, this is the first STH-surveillance study in Japan to use sensitive molecular techniques for STH detection. The results suggest that recrudescence of STH infections has not occurred, and that declines in prevalence have been sustained in the sampled areas. These findings suggest that reductions in prevalence below the elimination thresholds, suggestive of transmission interruption, are possible. Additionally, this study provides circumstantial evidence that multi-parallel real-time PCR methods are applicable for evaluating elimination status in areas where STH prevalence is extremely low.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What does soil-transmitted helminth elimination look like? Results from a targeted molecular detection survey in Japan

et al. 2020

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“…Portanto, a educação alimentar e nutricional tem um papel importante na prevenção da anemia ferropênica 11,18 . Além disso, a redução da prevalência das parasitoses intestinais também pode ser auxiliar na prevenção da anemia ferropênica, sendo que exige uma associação de medidas de saneamento ambiental, de educação sanitária, e de tratamento dos indivíduos infectados 25,26 . conhecimento prévio da extensão e da natureza do problema, tal como na identificação dos fatores epidemiológicos responsáveis pela deficiência 27 .…”

Section: Crianças Com Anemia Crianças Sem Anemia Valor Deunclassified

Prevalência de anemia ferropênica em crianças socialmente vulneráveis atendidas em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Sul do Brasil

et al. 2019

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A anemia é um problema de saúde pública global que afeta de forma significativa as crianças. Na infância, a anemia ferropênica é o tipo mais prevalente de anemia, principalmente em crianças em situação de vulnerabilidade social e econômica, podendo causar prejuízos cognitivos e motores. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de anemia ferropênica em crianças socialmente vulneráveis atendidas através de um Projeto de Extensão Universitária em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Sul do Brasil. Trata-se de em estudo do tipo observacional transversal retrospectivo, sendo que a coleta de dados ocorreu através da análise dos resultados dos exames de hemograma das crianças de 6 meses a 12 anos em situação de vulnerabilidade social, nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Foram considerados critérios de anemia valores de hemoglobina inferiores a 10,5g/dL para crianças de 6 meses a 2 anos e inferiores a 11,5g/dL para crianças de 2 a 12 anos. Presença simultânea de microcitose e anisocitose foram considerados sugestivos de anemia ferropênica. Das 78 crianças atendidas pelo Projeto de Extensão Universitária, 21,7% apresentaram anemia e, destas, 47% apresentaram perfil morfológico dos eritrócitos compatíveis com anemia ferropênica. A prevalência de anemia foi significativamente maior em crianças de 6 meses a 2 anos. Das crianças com provável anemia ferropênica, 62,5% apresentaram concomitante eosinofilia, sugerindo um processo infeccioso por helmintos. Com este estudo, descrevemos uma alta taxa de anemia na população estudada, indicando a necessidade de medidas de atenção e proteção a saúde na infância, principalmente em crianças com vulnerabilidade social e econômica.

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“…Many parasitic infections are of major public health concerns, but the helminth infections are one of the most common infections [38]. The effectiveness of human parasitosis treatment is diminished by the resistance to parasite medication.…”

Section: Phytotherapy In Parasitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Herbal Products an Alternative to Antibiotics?

Ionescu¹

2018

Bacterial Pathogenesis and Antibacterial Control

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Medicinal plants have been widely used in the management of infectious diseases and by now, many of the ancient remedies have proven their value through scientific methodologies. Although the mechanisms underlying most plant-derived remedies are not well understood, the success of herbal medicine in curing infectious diseases shows that many plants have beneficial effects in various bacterial, fungal, viral or parasitic infections. The modern methodologies in the isolation, purification and characterization of the active compounds, has been a great impact for advancing in vitro and in vivo research, this step being crucial for further application in clinical trials. Many plant-derived compounds, for example, quinine and artemisinin, have been already successfully used in healing lifethreatening infectious disease. The main limitations of plant medicine healing are lack of standardization and reproducibility of plant-derived products. Despite the paucity of clinical trials evaluating their efficacy, phytotherapy, adult plant uses and gemmotherapy, the use of embryonic stem cells should be reconsidered as valuable resources in finding new active compounds with sustained antimicrobial activity.

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The Global State of Helminth Control and Elimination in Children

Cited by 63 publications

References 54 publications

What does soil-transmitted helminth elimination look like? Results from a targeted molecular detection survey in Japan

What does soil-transmitted helminth elimination look like? Results from a targeted molecular detection survey in Japan

Prevalência de anemia ferropênica em crianças socialmente vulneráveis atendidas em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Sul do Brasil

Are Herbal Products an Alternative to Antibiotics?

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