The glycerophosphoinositols and their cellular functions

Abstract

Interest in the glycerophosphoinositols has been increasing recently, on the basis of their biological activities. The cellular metabolism of these water-soluble bioactive phosphoinositide metabolites has been clarified, with the identification of the specific enzyme involved in their synthesis, PLA2IVα (phospholipase A2 IVα), and the definition of their phosphodiesterase-based catabolism, and thus inactivation. The functional roles and mechanisms of action of these compounds have been investigated in different cellular contexts. This has led to their definition in the control of various cell functions, such as cell proliferation in the thyroid and actin cytoskeleton organization in fibroblasts and lymphocytes. Roles for the glycerophosphoinositols in immune and inflammatory responses are also being defined. In addition to these physiological functions, the glycerophosphoinositols have potential anti-metastatic activities that should lead to their pharmacological exploitation.

Differential Lipid Profiles in Experimental Steatohepatitis: Role for Imaging Mass Spectrometry as a Diagnostic Aid

“…Glycerophospholipids also regulate cell signaling, apoptosis, membrane-bound enzymes, and ion channels. For example, phosphatidylinositols can serve as precursors to second messengers in transmembrane signaling [45]. Phosphatidylserines have critical cofactor roles in the binding and activation of signaling molecules, blood clotting factors, and apoptosis cascades [46].…”

Proximate, amino acid and lipid compositions in Sinonovacula constricta (Lamarck) reared at different salinities

“…A relatively higher proportion of 6.02-9.35% was observed in PI, which showed an increased trend in the experimental S. constricta when salinity was increased. This may be related to its ability to regulate the functions of innumerable proteins that are integral to membranes by binding to cytosolic proteins or cytosolic domains of membrane proteins, 33 as well as its fatty acid composition at the SN 2 position of high AA content, because AA acts as the precursor for eicosanoid production, which is broadly associated with stressful situations. 34 Notably, in both experimental and collected samples, a significantly increased proportion was found in PE corresponding to an increasing salinity, varying from 24.70% to 28.34% and from 17.64% to 26.47%, respectively.…”

Recent progress in synthetic and biological studies of GPI anchors and GPI-anchored proteins

“…This may be a regulating mechanism for GPI-anchored proteins [60]. On the other hand, inositol phospholipid may participate in signal transduction pathways [61]. …”