The glycosaminoglycans of human plasma

Calatroni, Alberto; Donnelly, Patricia V.; Ferrante, Nicola Di

doi:10.1172/jci105989

Cited by 133 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The main glycosaminoglycan in both blood plasma (Schiller, 1958) and urine is chondroitin sulphate. The presence of small amounts of heparan sulphate and keratan sulphate in human plasma has also been reported (Calatroni, Donnelly & Di Ferrante, 1969). Increased plasma contents and increased urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans have been found to occur concomitantly in several diseases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

The nature of the non-ultrafilterable glycosaminoglycans of normal human urine

Wessler

1971

Biochemical Journal

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1. The non-ultrafilterable acidic glycosaminoglyeans from pooled urine ofnormal men, aged about 20, were isolated and characterized. The isolation procedure included digestion with sialidase and pronase, and fractionation by stepwise elution from an ECTEOLA-cellulose column. The glycosaminoglycans in each fraction were separated from each other by preparative electrophoresis in sodium barbital buffer and in barium acetate. 2. Approximate relative amounts of the different glycosaminoglycans were: chondroitin sulphate 60%, chondroitin 2%, hyaluronic acid 4%, dermatan sulphate 1%, heparan sulphate 15% and keratan sulphate 18%. Chondroitin sulphate-dermatan sulphate hybrids seemed to occur in trace amounts. 3. Chondroitin sulphate, heparan sulphate and keratan sulphate were heterogeneous with respect to degree of sulphation. Two distinct groups of chondroitin sulphate fractions were found, with sulphate/hexosamine molar ratios of about 0.5 and 1 respectively. The sulphate/hexosamine molar ratios in the heparan sulphate fractions varied from 0.5 to 0.9;theN-sulphate/hexosamineratiowas about 0.5 in all fractions. The sulphate/hexosamine molar ratios in the keratan sulphate fractions varied from 0.2 to 0.7.All of the types of glycosaminoglycan that occur in human tissues, with the exception of heparin, have also been found in normal urine (

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

The nature of the non-ultrafilterable glycosaminoglycans of normal human urine

Wessler

1971

Biochemical Journal

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“…It has been suggested that the degradation of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan is initiated by a limited proteolysis of the core protein, with the production of non-aggregating species that may be eliminated from the connective tissue by diffusion into the circulatory system (Wasteson et al, 1972;Sandy et al, 1978). In support of this hypothesis, chondroitin sulphate has been demonstrated in the blood plasma of normal individuals (Calatroni et al, 1969). This finding, along with those of the present study and a recent report from this laboratory (Smedsrod et al, 1984) that chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid compete for the same receptors on the liver endothelial cells, suggest that these cells may play a central role in the catabolism of the two glycosaminoglycans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Endocytosis and degradation of chondroitin sulphate by liver endothelial cells

Smedsrød¹,

Kjellén²,

Pertoft³

1985

Biochemical Journal

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“…12 (December 1985) fragments that are either engulfed by the chondrocytes or, more likely, diffuse into the body fluids that are in contact with the cartilage. Indeed, PG fragments and GAGs are present in synovial fluid (12), and GAGs have been detected in the blood (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantification of keratan sulfate in blood as a marker of cartilage catabolism

Thonar

Lenz

Klintworth

et al. 1985

Arthritis & Rheumatism

285

139

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We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent-inhibition assay which makes use of a moinoclonal antibody specific for keratan sulfate to quaintify keratan sulfate present as single chains in adult hurnan serum. In adults hospitalized with conditions not thought to affect the turnover of keratan sulfate-contairiing tissues, the serum levels varied from individual to individual (53-1,009 ng/ml) but did not show significant differences with respect to age, sex, or disease category. There were no significant differences between the serum levels of adult hospitalized patients and those of nonhospitalized normal adults. In contrast, the concentration of keratan sulfate in the sera of children aged 5-12 was significantly higher. No keratan sulfate was detected in the sera of 3 adult patients with macular corneal dystrophy, an inherited disorder of the cornea. This may indicate that individuals with macular corneal dystrophy have no keratan sulfate-containing proteoglycans in their cartilage. Adult patients with osteoarthritis have significantly higher concentrations of circulating keratan sulfate. This suggests that the assay could prove valuable in monitoring increased cartilage catabolism in joint diseases.The majority of proteoglycans (PGs) in cartilage are large molecular weight macromolecules that endow cartilage with its ability to undergo reversible deformation (1). These complex carbohydrates consist of a core protein ( M , = 25&380 x lo3) to which glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) and both 0-and N-linked oligosaccharides are covalently attached (1). In humans and many other species, there are over 100 chondroitin sulfate (CS) and keratan sulfate (KS) GAG side chains in a single PG monomer.The rate at which cartilage PGs turn over ( 2 4 ) and the mechanisms involved in the degradation of PGs in normal and pathologic cartilage (1 3-7) remain in question. There have been numerous reports of both anabolic and catabolic alterations in cartilage in diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis, disc degeneration, and other diseases in which these tissues are affected (8-10). The absence of significant amounts of partially degraded PGs in normal cartilage matrix (1 1) suggests that individual PG molecules normally are rapidly degraded into smaller

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The glycosaminoglycans of human plasma

Cited by 133 publications

References 28 publications

The nature of the non-ultrafilterable glycosaminoglycans of normal human urine

The nature of the non-ultrafilterable glycosaminoglycans of normal human urine

Endocytosis and degradation of chondroitin sulphate by liver endothelial cells

Quantification of keratan sulfate in blood as a marker of cartilage catabolism

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