The Growing Role of Photovoltaic Solar, Wind and Geothermal Energy as Renewables for Electricity Generation

Sark, W.G.J.H.M. van; Schepers, J.G.; Wees, J.D.A.M. van

doi:10.1002/9781118933916.ch2

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Expectations for further growth are high, and the terawatt level may be reached within the next decade . Technology development has focused on cost reductions based on technological innovations, operation and maintenance optimization, mass production, and grid integration . Commercial wind turbines with 6 to 7 MW rated capacity are available that have 156‐m rotor diameter, while designs of 10 MW turbines with >200‐m rotor diameter have been presented .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do we really need rotor equivalent wind speed?

Sark

Velde

Coelingh³

et al. 2019

Wind Energy

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The use of the rotor equivalent wind speed for determination of power curves and annual energy production for wind turbines is advocated in the second edition of the IEC 61400-12-1 standard. This requires the measurements of wind speeds at different heights, for which remote sensing equipment is recommended in addition to meteorological masts. In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis that shows that the relevance of the rotor equivalent wind speed method depends on turbine dimensions and wind shear regime. For situations where the ratio of rotor diameter and hub height is smaller than 1.8, the rotor equivalent wind speed method is not needed if the wind shear coefficient at the location of the wind turbine has a constant value between −0.05 and 0.4: in these cases, the rotor equivalent wind speed and the wind speed at hub height are within 1%. For complex terrains with high wind shear deviations are larger. The effect of non-constant wind shear exponent, ie, different wind shear coefficients for lower and upper half of the rotor swept area especially at offshore conditions is limited to also about 1%. KEYWORDSLiDAR, power curve, remote sensing, rotor equivalent wind speed, wind shear of the turbines, the ratio of rotor diameter and hub height is smaller than 1.5. ---This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do we really need rotor equivalent wind speed?

Sark

Velde

Coelingh³

et al. 2019

Wind Energy

Self Cite

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“…Similarly, CH 4 and N 2 O emissions are calculated accordingly. Taking into account the production time and location of PV modules and wind turbines, Dr. Wilfried van Sark [28] calculated and found that the carbon emissions per kWh of photovoltaic and wind power generation is only 1/10 to 1/20 of fossil energy in 2015. There is an overwhelming advantage for renewable power generation in reducing carbon emissions.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas Emission Calculation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an overwhelming advantage for renewable power generation in reducing carbon emissions. Overall, whenever the installed capacity of clean energy doubles, the energy consumption of PV modules and wind turbines will drop by about 12%, and carbon emissions will fall by 17-24% [28]. As the proportion of clean energy increases and production technology advances, carbon emissions from renewable energy generation will be greatly reduced.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas Emission Calculation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Carbon Emissions of Electric Vehicles throughout the Life Cycle Assessment Taking into Vehicle Weight and Grid Mix Composition

2019

Energies

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To study the impact of the promotion of electric vehicles on carbon emissions in China, the full life carbon emissions of electric vehicles are studied on the basis of considering such factors as vehicle weight and grid mix composition, and fuel vehicles are added for comparison. In this paper, we collect data for 34 domestic electric vehicles, and linear regression analysis is used to model the relationship between vehicle weight and energy consumption. Then, a Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment method is used to establish the life cycle carbon emission calculation model for electric vehicles and fuel vehicles. Finally, the life cycle carbon emissions of electric vehicles and fuel vehicles under different electrical energy structures are discussed using scenario analysis. The results show that under the current grid mix composition in China, the carbon emissions of electric vehicles of the same vehicle weight class are 24% to 31% higher than that of fuel vehicles. As the proportion of clean energy in the grid mix composition increases, the advantages of electric vehicles to reduce carbon emissions will gradually emerge.

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The Growing Role of Photovoltaic Solar, Wind and Geothermal Energy as Renewables for Electricity Generation

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Do we really need rotor equivalent wind speed?

Do we really need rotor equivalent wind speed?

Research on Carbon Emissions of Electric Vehicles throughout the Life Cycle Assessment Taking into Vehicle Weight and Grid Mix Composition

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