The Growing World of Expansins

Cosgrove, Daniel J.; Li, Lian Chao; Cho, Hyung-Taeg; Hoffmann-Benning, Susanne; Moore, Richard C.; Blecker, Douglas

doi:10.1093/pcp/pcf180

Cited by 339 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…This might explain why stress-and cell-wall-related genes that facilitate water and nutrient uptake by modifying the chemical composition of the cell wall are preferentially expressed in the mutant rum1. Expansins are, for example, cell wall proteins that induce pH-dependent wall extension and stress relaxation to loosen cell walls during cell enlargement and root hair growth (Cosgrove et al, 2002). A similar up-regulation of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Characterization, and Pericycle-Specific Transcriptome Analyses of the Novel Maize Lateral and Seminal Root Initiation Mutant rum1

Woll

Borsuk²,

Stransky³

et al. 2005

Plant Physiology

182

190

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The monogenic recessive maize (Zea mays) mutant rootless with undetectable meristems 1 (rum1) is deficient in the initiation of the embryonic seminal roots and the postembryonic lateral roots at the primary root. Lateral root initiation at the shoot-borne roots and development of the aerial parts of the mutant rum1 are not affected. The mutant rum1 displays severely reduced auxin transport in the primary root and a delayed gravitropic response. Exogenously applied auxin does not induce lateral roots in the primary root of rum1. Lateral roots are initiated in a specific cell type, the pericycle. Cell-type-specific transcriptome profiling of the primary root pericycle 64 h after germination, thus before lateral root initiation, via a combination of laser capture microdissection and subsequent microarray analyses of 12k maize microarray chips revealed 90 genes preferentially expressed in the wild-type pericycle and 73 genes preferentially expressed in the rum1 pericycle (fold change .2; P-value ,0.01; estimated false discovery rate of 13.8%). Among the 51 annotated genes predominately expressed in the wild-type pericycle, 19 genes are involved in signal transduction, transcription, and the cell cycle. This analysis defines an array of genes that is active before lateral root initiation and will contribute to the identification of checkpoints involved in lateral root formation downstream of rum1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Characterization, and Pericycle-Specific Transcriptome Analyses of the Novel Maize Lateral and Seminal Root Initiation Mutant rum1

Woll

Borsuk²,

Stransky³

et al. 2005

Plant Physiology

182

190

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“…These five SNPs are located in the promoter of AT3G45970, 1.2 kb upstream of the start codon, and are in low LD (0.2 < LD < 0.4) with SNPs in the gene AT3G45960 (Supplemental Figure 1). Both genes are annotated as expansinlike A and are suggested to be involved in cell wall loosening (Cosgrove et al, 2002). The significant SNP of QTL7 is located in a large linkage block starting 43 kb upstream and ending 76 kb downstream of the significant SNP.…”

Section: Natural Variation In Silique Length In Control Conditions Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Fertility Reduction upon Heat Stress Reveals Developmental Stage-Specific QTLs in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2015

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ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8918-0711 (J.J.B.K.)For crops that are grown for their fruits or seeds, elevated temperatures that occur during flowering and seed or fruit set have a stronger effect on yield than high temperatures during the vegetative stage. Even short-term exposure to heat can have a large impact on yield. In this study, we used Arabidopsis thaliana to study the effect of short-term heat exposure on flower and seed development. The impact of a single hot day (35°C) was determined in more than 250 natural accessions by measuring the lengths of the siliques along the main inflorescence. Two sensitive developmental stages were identified, one before anthesis, during male and female meiosis, and one after anthesis, during fertilization and early embryo development. In addition, we observed a correlation between flowering time and heat tolerance. Genome-wide association mapping revealed four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) strongly associated with the heat response. These QTLs were developmental stage specific, as different QTLs were detected before and after anthesis. For a number of QTLs, T-DNA insertion knockout lines could validate assigned candidate genes. Our findings show that the regulation of complex traits can be highly dependent on the developmental timing.

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“…During growth in the rhizosphere of a host plant, rhizobia sense compounds such as flavonoids and betaines secreted by the host root and respond by inducing nod genes (29,35,34). The nod genes encode approximately 25 proteins required for the bacterial synthesis and export of Nod factor.…”

Section: Brief Outline Of the Infection Process In Plants That Form Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that electron micrographs depicting the degradation associated specifically with infection thread initiation show that degradation, while localized, is more widespread and diffuse than that shown by Mateos et al Plants clearly have the capability to degrade, or otherwise alter, their cell walls. For example, cell walls are weakened or degraded during root hair initiation, fruit ripening, pollen tube transit down the pistil, and leaf abscission (21,34,35,137). Observations that cell wall-degrading enzyme activities, induced by compatible bacteria, do not occur in the presence of nitrate are easiest to explain if the host has at least some control over degradation in response to rhizobial infection (52,105,173).…”

Section: Degradation Of Cell Wall Associated With Infection Thread Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection and Invasion of Roots by Symbiotic, Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobia during Nodulation of Temperate Legumes

Gage

2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

774

532

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Bacteria belonging to the genera Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Azorhizobium (collectively referred to as rhizobia) grow in the soil as free-living organisms but can also live as nitrogen-fixing symbionts inside root nodule cells of legume plants. The interactions between several rhizobial species and their host plants have become models for this type of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. Temperate legumes such as alfalfa, pea, and vetch form indeterminate nodules that arise from root inner and middle cortical cells and grow out from the root via a persistent meristem. During the formation of functional indeterminate nodules, symbiotic bacteria must gain access to the interior of the host root. To get from the outside to the inside, rhizobia grow and divide in tubules called infection threads, which are composite structures derived from the two symbiotic partners. This review focuses on symbiotic infection and invasion during the formation of indeterminate nodules. It summarizes root hair growth, how root hair growth is influenced by rhizobial signaling molecules, infection of root hairs, infection thread extension down root hairs, infection thread growth into root tissue, and the plant and bacterial contributions necessary for infection thread formation and growth. The review also summarizes recent advances concerning the growth dynamics of rhizobial populations in infection threads

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The Growing World of Expansins

Cited by 339 publications

References 73 publications

Isolation, Characterization, and Pericycle-Specific Transcriptome Analyses of the Novel Maize Lateral and Seminal Root Initiation Mutant rum1

Isolation, Characterization, and Pericycle-Specific Transcriptome Analyses of the Novel Maize Lateral and Seminal Root Initiation Mutant rum1

Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Fertility Reduction upon Heat Stress Reveals Developmental Stage-Specific QTLs in Arabidopsis thaliana

Infection and Invasion of Roots by Symbiotic, Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobia during Nodulation of Temperate Legumes

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