The growth and development of cowpeas (<i>Vigna unguiculata)</i>under tropical field conditions: 2. Accumulation and partition of dry weight

Littleton, E. J.; Dennett, M. D.; Monteith, J. L.; Elstonff, J.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600037989

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…73 g/MJ for two different sowing dates corresponding to rainfed and drought conditions. In optimal conditions, the RUE in cowpeas is c. 1 g/MJ (Littleton et al 1979;Muchow et al 1993;Craufurd & Wheeler 1999), which is similar to maximum values reported for other tropical grain legumes (0 . 9-1 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Functional growth analyses (FGA) can delineate quantitatively the productive capacity of plant communities in terms of allometric indices such as the morphogenetic indicators of yield and harvesting (Sˇesta´k et al 1971). In the case of cowpea, FGA has been carried out by Ojehomon (1970), Adepetu & Akapa (1977), Littleton et al (1979), Ferna´ndez & Miller (1985 and Lawn (1989). The simultaneous analysis of the environmental effect on production and the genetic dependence on yielding capacity has usually been carried out under controlled conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dry-matter partitioning and radiation-use efficiency in cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cvs TC-9-6 and M-28-6-6) during consecutive seasonal courses in the Orinoco llanos

et al. 2004

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SU MMARYField work on rainfed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cvs TC-9-6 and M-28-6-6) was conducted in the Orinoco lowlands to explain the changes in dry-mass partitioning and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) as compared with other cultivars over four consecutive seasons. Growth features were assessed in early-maturing, prostrate-canopy (TC-9-6), and medium-maturing, erect-canopy (M-28-6-6) cowpeas. These cultivars were sown in consecutive middle-wet and late-wet seasons in double peak rainfall conditions. Dry mass accumulation by cultivars was assessed as a function of leaf-area duration and the efficiency with which radiation was converted into dry mass throughout the season (i.e. radiation-use efficiency). Cultivar differences in canopy architecture and duration of leaf area had a minor effect on the total dry mass production. In the early-maturing TC-9-6, RUE for a middle-wet and a late-wet season was 0 . 90¡0 . 04 and 0 . 65¡0 . 05 g/MJ, respectively. In the medium-maturing M-28-6-6, the values were 0 . 97¡0 . 05 and 0 . 72¡0 . 03 g/MJ, respectively. A season with rainfall below 100 mm had a negative effect on phenology and RUE. When average rainfall was above 100 mm, the total dry mass accumulation was not affected by differences in cultivars and seasons. The rate of harvest index (HI) changes was negatively related to pod-filling duration. The changes in assimilation distribution depended on the process of partitioning as modulated by the limited pod-sink and the photosynthate supply. However, the photosynthate source was not depressed by the sink activity of the pod-filling. Partitioning to non-reproductive sinks was maintained. M-28-6-6 with high dry-mass production and delayed senescence did not effectively divert a large amount of assimilate to pod-filling. Pod sink activity in cowpea was limited by genotype. Harvest index in M-28-6-6 decreased with the increasing dry mass. The final HI and rate of linear increase in HI differed between cultivars and were lower in M-28-6-6. The results of the present work in the Orinoco lowlands are relevant for a wide range of savannahs with a late wet season.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry-matter partitioning and radiation-use efficiency in cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cvs TC-9-6 and M-28-6-6) during consecutive seasonal courses in the Orinoco llanos

et al. 2004

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“…(15.1 kg seed ha-1 day-1 ). However, the mean crop growth rate of 1.26g m-2 day-1 and growth duration of 176 days observed in this study, compared woefully with average crop growth rate of 6.8-11.2g m-2 day-1 and a growth duration of 52 days obtained for cowpea, under similar tropical conditions (Littleton et al, 1979). Ruinard (1989) has also reported disappointing vegetative growth of jackbean on the low-fertility, acid sandy soils of Surinane's Zanderij belt.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Evaluation of Jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) Lines Derived from Natural Crossing with Swordbean (Canavalia gladiata)

Emebiri

1996

Biological Agriculture & Horticulture

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Jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.), is considered one of the few pulses that grow really well on the highly leached, nutrient-depleted lowland tropical soils. Natural pollination with its close relative, the swordbean (Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.), offers exploitable opportunities for gene introgression and varietal improvement without the necessities of artificial pollination. This paper reports the growth, biomass yield, nodulation and seed quality of advanced generation lines derived from the natural crossing of jackbean with swordbean.Crop growth rate (CGR) was significantly higher in three selections from the hybrid population than in the jackbean parent, with superiority ratings of 122.7% to 320.5% over the jackbean parent. Superiority in net assimilation rate (NAR) of 53.9% to 215.4%, and in forage yield of 46.5% to 183.6% was also evident in the three selections. However, the leaf weight ratio (LWR), as well as nodule number and nodule biomass were significantly inferior in the three selections, when compared to the jackbean parent. Seed size remained unaffected in one of the selections (JS 1 03), but was reduced by 5.6-22.2% in the other two selections. Seed coat fraction was increased by gene introgression from the swordbean, with selections such as JS 102 exhibiting a 50.4% increase.

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“…The e for cowpea (0.47 and 0.79 g MJ ) and hlackgrarn (0.64 and 0.81 g MF' ) are within the lower range of previously reported values for pulse crops (Littleton et al. 1979: Muchow.…”

Section: )supporting

confidence: 83%

Evaluation of alley cropping systems on resource utilization in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka

Keerthisena¹

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The growth and development of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)under tropical field conditions: 2. Accumulation and partition of dry weight

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Dry-matter partitioning and radiation-use efficiency in cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cvs TC-9-6 and M-28-6-6) during consecutive seasonal courses in the Orinoco llanos

Dry-matter partitioning and radiation-use efficiency in cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cvs TC-9-6 and M-28-6-6) during consecutive seasonal courses in the Orinoco llanos

Evaluation of Jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) Lines Derived from Natural Crossing with Swordbean (Canavalia gladiata)

Evaluation of alley cropping systems on resource utilization in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka

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