The growth of olfactory neurons in short-term cultures of rat olfactory epithelium

Noble, Mark; Mallaburn, Peter; Klein, Nigel

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(84)90098-3

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In relation to the epithelial explant, TUJ‐IR neurons and NCAM‐IR cells can also be spherical, with no visible processes. These nonpolar cells may be equivalent to the round NCAM‐ or tubulin‐positive cells seen in purified and partially purified olfactory epithelial cultures by others (Noble et al, 1984; Calof and Chikaraishi, 1989; McEntire and Pixley, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The postnatal tissue used here grows well in the conditions established in the present report and remains viable for many weeks, making chronic studies possible, unlike the short term usefulness of acute tissue slices. Many other models use fetal tissue, either rat or mouse, to create in vitro models of olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, or both (Farbman, 1977; Chuah and Farbman, 1983; Noble et al, 1984; Gonzales et al, 1985; Calof and Chikaraishi, 1989; Fracek et al, 1994a; Gong et al, 1996; Key et al, 1996; Mumm et al, 1996; Puche and Shipley, 1999; Muramoto et al, 2001). The use of early postnatal mice rather than fetuses avoids euthanasia of the dam, resulting in a reduction in the number of animals used for research while allowing the study of a highly plastic, responsive olfactory mucosa and bulb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A stable, chronic model of the first olfactory synapse between olfactory receptor neurons in the periphery and olfactory bulb neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) would provide a rich, yet accessible, environment to study signal transduction, axon regeneration, and information processing, to name a few critical nervous system functions. Past efforts to culture olfactory epithelium (OE) or olfactory bulb (OB) include tissue explants, cellular dissociation, or both, with or without coculture of the complementary tissue type (Noble et al, 1984; Calof and Chikaraishi, 1989; Coon et al, 1989; Pixley and Pun, 1990; Mahanthappa and Schwarting, 1993; Werther et al, 1993; Fracek et al, 1994a; Farbman and Buchholz, 1996; Gong et al, 1996; MacDonald et al, 1996; Grill and Pixley, 1997; Liu et al, 1998; Vargas and Lucero, 1999; Kanaki et al, 2000; Muramoto et al, 2001). Investigators have studied developmental events, neurogenesis, regeneration, synapse formation, axon pathfinding, and membrane characteristics of olfactory neurons using explants of olfactory tissues (Farbman, 1977; Sosnowski et al, 1995; Michel et al, 1999; Goetze et al, 2002) or dissociated olfactory neurons (Noble et al, 1984; Schubert et al, 1985; Maue and Dionne, 1987; Coon et al, 1989; Ronnett et al, 1991; Fracek et al, 1994a; Barber et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to purified primary cell cultures or cell lines, organ culture presents a relatively complex environment, and this complexity may mutually benefit olfactory receptor neurons and bulbar neurons. Cultured neurons, including olfactory receptors, survive and mature best in the presence of astrocytes (Noble et al, 1984), and more olfactory receptor neurons survive to maturity when cultured with olfactory bulb than without (Chuah and Farbman, 1983; Verhaagen et al, 1990; Grill and Pixley, 1997). Factors that support cell growth are likely released or expressed by other cell types in the culture, such as olfactory supporting cells, ensheathing cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and chondroblasts, as well as by the neurons themselves (Key et al, 1996; Puche and Key, 1996; Roskams et al, 1996; Schwob, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structure and function of long‐lived olfactory organotypic cultures from postnatal mice

Josephson

Yilma

Vodyanoy

et al. 2004

J of Neuroscience Research

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The first synapse in the olfactory pathway mediates a significant transfer of information given the restricted association of specific olfactory receptor neurons with specific glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. To understand better how this connection is made and what the functional capacities of the participating cells are, we created a long-lived culture system composed of olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb tissues. Using the roller tube method of culturing, we grew epithelium-bulb cocultures, explanted from 1-4-day-old Swiss Webster mice, on Aclar for periods ranging from 18 hr to 68 days. The explants flattened so that in some areas the culture was only a few cells thick, making individual cells distinguishable. From 107 cultures studied, we identified the following cell types by expression of specific markers (oldest culture expressing marker, days in vitro, DIV): olfactory receptor neurons (neural cell adhesion molecule, 42 DIV); mature receptor neurons (olfactory marker protein, 28 DIV); postmitotic olfactory receptor neurons and olfactory bulb neurons (beta-tubulin, 68 DIV); astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein, glutamate/aspartate transporter, 68 DIV); olfactory horizontal basal cells (cytokeratin, 22 DIV). Neuronal processes formed glomeruli in 2-4-week-old cultures. We also recorded electro-olfactography responses to puffs of vapor collected over an odorant mixture containing ethyl butyrate, eugenol, (+) carvone, and (-) carvone from cultures as old as 21 DIV. These features of our olfactory culture system make this model useful for studying properties of immature and mature olfactory receptor neurons, pathfinding strategies of receptor axons, and mechanisms of information transfer in the olfactory glomerulus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and function of long‐lived olfactory organotypic cultures from postnatal mice

Josephson

Yilma

Vodyanoy

et al. 2004

J of Neuroscience Research

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“…Several investigators have attempted to isolate olfactory cells (Cancalon, 1978;Margolis, 1979, 1981 ;Noble et al, 1984;Anderson and Ache, 1985). They have obtained cell suspensions from the olfactory tissues of the rat, catfish, and lobster, but none of them have reported that the cells obtained are capable of responding to odorants .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell suspensions from porcine olfactory mucosa. Changes in membrane potential and membrane fluidity in response to various odorants.

Kashiwayanagi¹,

Sai²,

Kurihara³

1987

The Journal of General Physiology

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A suspension of olfactory epithelial cells was prepared from porcine olfactory mucosa and the physiological functions of the suspension were examined . (a) The membrane potential of the cell suspension, which was monitored by measuring the fluorescence changes of rhodamine 6G, was depolarized by an increase in the K + concentration in the external medium . (b) Various odorants depolarized the cell suspension in a dose-dependent fashion .(c) The magnitude of depolarization by odorants was either unchanged or slightly increased by a reduction of the concentration of Na', Ca 2l , and Cl -in the external medium, which suggests that changes in the permeabilities of specific ions are not involved in depolarization by odorants . (d) The application of various odorants to the cell suspension induced changes in the membrane fluidity at different sites of the membrane that were monitored with various fluorescent dyes [8-anilino-I-naphthalene sulfonate, n-(9-anthroyloxy) stearic acids, 12-(9-anthroyloxy) oleic acid, and (1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene)], which suggests that the odorants having different odors are adsorbed on different sites in the membrane . On the basis of these results, a possible mechanism of odor discrimination is discussed .

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Neurogenesis and cell death in olfactory epithelium

et al. 1996

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The olfactory epithelium (OE) of the mammal is uniquely suited as a model system for studying how neurogenesis and cell death interact to regulate neuron number during development and regeneration. To identify factors regulating neurogenesis and neuronal death in the OE, and to determine the mechanisms by which these factors act, investigators studied OE using two major experimental paradigms: tissue culture of OE; and ablation of the olfactory bulb or severing the olfactory nerve in adult animals, procedures that induce cell death and a subsequent surge of neurogenesis in the OE in v i v aThese studies characterized the cellular stages in the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) lineage, leading to the realization that at least three distinct stages of proliferating neuronal precursor cells are employed in generating ORNs. The identification of a number of factors that act to regulate proliferation and survival of ORNs and their precursors suggests that these multiple developmental stages may serve as control points at which cell number is regulated by extrinsic factors. In vivo surgical studies, which have shown that all cell types in the neuronal lineage of the OE undergo apoptotic cell death, support this idea. These studies, and the possible coregulation of neuronal birth and apoptosis in the OE, are discussed.

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The growth of olfactory neurons in short-term cultures of rat olfactory epithelium

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Structure and function of long‐lived olfactory organotypic cultures from postnatal mice

Structure and function of long‐lived olfactory organotypic cultures from postnatal mice

Cell suspensions from porcine olfactory mucosa. Changes in membrane potential and membrane fluidity in response to various odorants.

Neurogenesis and cell death in olfactory epithelium

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