The Heat Content of Water Sorbed on Cellulose

Shipley, J. H.; Campbell, W. Boyd; Maass, O.

doi:10.1139/cjr37b-023

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This is especially true because the calculation includes the glucose units in the crystalline as well as the amorphous regions. Shipley, Campbell, and Maass [32] concluded from their experiments that up to 6% of water in cotton linters would not freeze at -78 ° C. All of these data are consistent with the idea that the nonsolvent water may correspond to the non-freezable water, and that a considerable portion of the water which does not freeze at -4.5 ° C would freeze at lower temperatures.…”

Section: Types O F Nonfreezing Watersupporting

confidence: 55%

“…In the first place, there are numerous instances reported in the literature in which moisture held by adsorption cannot be caused to freeze even at very low temperatures. This has been claimed, for example, in the case of such substances as coal [4], gelatin [20,24], ferric oxide gel [3], silica gel [3], and even for cotton linters down to -78° C [32] .…”

Section: Types O F Nonfreezing Watermentioning

confidence: 92%

“…

Details of the application of the calorimetric, heatof-fusion method for determining the nonfreezing water present in textile fibers at various moisture contents were presented in a previous publication [23].

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…U.R.S.S. 21 cooled below 0°C, all of the water will not freeze, even at very low temperatures [23,32,33]. A quantitative study of this phenomenon presents a new approach to the study of the cellulose-moisture relationship, which is of fundamental importance in a wide variety of cotton textile problems since the physical properties of the fibers are very sensitive to changes in moisture content.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nonfreezing Water and Nonfreezing Benzene Capacities of Cottons and Modified Cottons

Magne

Skau

1952

Textile Research Journal

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W HEN cellulosic fibers containing moisture are cooled below 0°C, all of the water will not freeze, even at very low temperatures [23,32,33]. A quantitative study of this phenomenon presents a new approach to the study of the cellulose-moisture relationship, which is of fundamental importance in a wide variety of cotton textile problems since the physical properties of the fibers are very sensitive to changes in moisture content.Details of the application of the calorimetric, heatof-fusion method for determining the nonfreezing water present in textile fibers at various moisture contents were presented in a previous publication [23]. Data have now been obtained to show the effect of variety, maturity, and various physical and chemical treatments of cotton, including purification, mercerization, decrystallization, partial acetylation, and alkali-swelling with solvent-exchange drying, on the amount of nonfreezing water it can hold.

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Section: Types O F Nonfreezing Watersupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Types O F Nonfreezing Watermentioning

confidence: 92%

“…

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonfreezing Water and Nonfreezing Benzene Capacities of Cottons and Modified Cottons

Magne

Skau

1952

Textile Research Journal

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“…Shipley et al[95] c Cellulose I -purified from absorbent cotton by treatment with sodium hydroxide and acetic acid Cellulose I -super-strong, highly hydrated cellulose fiber from acetyl cellulose1.23Cellulose I -super-strong, highly hydrated cellulose fiber 1.16 Cellulose I -high-strength viscose fibers produced by the cord method1.26Cellulose I -high-strength viscose fibers produced by the cord method. The method of production of this sample differs from the one above1.28 Cellulose I -unstretched viscose fiber produced by the cord method Cellulose I from cotton (domestic source) -oven dried at 135°C Cellulose I from cotton (foreign source) -oven dried at 135°C Karachevtsev and Kozlov [100] i Cellulose I Kaimins [101] j Amorphous cellulose prepared from sulfate pulp by grinding Hatakema et al [102] k Mochalov et al [104] l Amorphous cellulose prepared from wood by an 8 h ball milling of the sample having CI = 0.65 Cellulose I was prepared by a 3 h ball milling of the sample having CI = 0.65…”

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confidence: 99%

A thermodynamic investigation of the cellulose allomorphs: Cellulose(am), cellulose Iβ(cr), cellulose II(cr), and cellulose III(cr)

Goldberg

Schliesser

Mittal

et al. 2015

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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a b s t r a c tThe thermochemistry of samples of amorphous cellulose, cellulose I, cellulose II, and cellulose III was studied by using oxygen bomb calorimetry, solution calorimetry in which the solvent was cadoxen (a cadmium ethylenediamine solvent), and with a Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) in zero magnetic field to measure standard massic heat capacities C p;w over the temperature range T = (2 to 302) K. The samples used in this study were prepared so as to have different values of crystallinity indexes CI and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, by Karl Fischer moisture determination, and by using gel permeation chromatography to determine the weight average degree of polymerization DP w . NMR measurements on solutions containing the samples dissolved in cadoxen were also performed in an attempt to resolve the issue of the equivalency or non-equivalency of the nuclei in the different forms of cellulose that were dissolved in cadoxen. While large differences in the NMR spectra for the various cellulose samples in cadoxen were not observed, one cannot be absolutely certain that these cellulose samples are chemically equivalent in cadoxen. Equations were derived which allow one to adjust measured property values of cellulose samples having a mass fraction of water w H 2 O to a reference value of the mass fraction of water w ref . The measured thermodynamic properties (standard massic enthalpy of combustion D c H w , standard massic enthalpy of solution D sol H w , and C p;w ) were used in conjunction with the measured CI values to calculate values of the changes in the standard massic enthalpies of reactionD r H Ã w , the standard massic entropies of reaction D r S Ã w , the standard massic Gibbs free energies of reaction D r G Ã w , and the standard massic heat capacity D r C p;w , for the interconversion reactions of the pure (CI = 100) cellulose allomorphs, i.e., cellulose(am), cellulose I(cr), cellulose II(cr), and cellulose II(cr), at the temperature T = 298.15 K, the pressure p = 0.1 MPa, and w H 2 O = 0.073. The '' ⁄ '' denotes that the thermodynamic property pertains to pure cellulose allomorphs. Values of standard massic enthalpy differences D T 0 H w , standard massic entropy differences D T 0 S w , and the standard massic thermal functionwere calculated from the measured heat capacities for the cellulose samples and for the pure cellulose allomorphs. The extensive literature pertinent to the thermodynamic properties of cellulose has been summarized and, in many cases, property values have been calculated or recalculated from previously reported data. The thermodynamic property data show that cellulose(am) is the least stable of the cellulose allomorphs considered in this study. However, due to the uncertainties in the measured property values, it is not possible to use these values to order the relative stabilities of the cellulose (I, II, and III) crystalline allomorphs with a reasonable degree of certainty. Nevertheless, http://dx.

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The density and sorptive capacity of some samples of cotton, silk and wool. Part IV. Some remarks on the sorption of water by cotton, silk and wool

Heertjes¹

1942

Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays‐Bas

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In this paper the relations between the volumes of dry fibres and fibres with different percentages of regain are discussed. With the aid of these relations and based on the opinion, that a solid substance will not sorb a liquid with appreciable contraction, the conclusion is reached that water will be sorbed by hydrophylic fibres In three ways, viz.:1. by absorption in the outer layer of the micelles. 2. by adsorption at the micelle surface without contriiction. and 3. by capillary condensation also without contraction.T h e effect of the felting process and dyeing processes on the quantity of water sorbed. and more generally on the sorptive capacities of the fibres cotton, silk and wool is discussed. Introduction.The relation between the amount of water sorbed by cotton. silk and wool. and the relative humidity of the atmosphere into which the fibres are brought, resulting in the typical S-shaped curves 1 ) . does not disclose in what manner the sorbed water is held by the fibres. The purpose of this paper is to study this last subject with the aid

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The Heat Content of Water Sorbed on Cellulose

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Nonfreezing Water and Nonfreezing Benzene Capacities of Cottons and Modified Cottons

Nonfreezing Water and Nonfreezing Benzene Capacities of Cottons and Modified Cottons

A thermodynamic investigation of the cellulose allomorphs: Cellulose(am), cellulose Iβ(cr), cellulose II(cr), and cellulose III(cr)

The density and sorptive capacity of some samples of cotton, silk and wool. Part IV. Some remarks on the sorption of water by cotton, silk and wool

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