“…The high surface-to-volume ratio, thermal and electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, as well as low cost of 2D materials make them favorable catalysts in lots of energy conversion and storage applications (Deng et al, 2016;Fan et al, 2021;Siahrostami et al, 2016). Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) (Rafiq et al, 2022), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) (Pu et al, 2022;Hernandez Ruiz et al, 2022), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) (Song et al, 2022), layered metal oxides (Wang et al, 2022), layered double hydroxides (LDHs) Zhu et al, 2022), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (Iqbal et al, 2022), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) (Ahmed and Jhung, 2021), MXenes (Wu et al, 2021), black phosphorus (BP) (Li et al, 2022), noble metals , and polymers (Wang et al, 2018) are examples of 2D catalysts. They have been extensively studied as the potential substitutes for the precious metal catalysts in processes such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (ECR), N 2 reduction reaction (NRR), and NO electroreduction reaction (NOER) (Pu et al, 2022;Zhu et al, 2022;Khan et al, 2019;Ji et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021;Ji and Zhao, 2018;.…”