The high temperature three point bend testing of proton irradiated 316L stainless steel and Mod 9Cr–1Mo

Maloy, Stuart A.; Zubelewicz, Aleksander; Romero, Tobias J.; James, Michael R.; Sommer, W.F.; Dai, Yong

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.03.027

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…1); the material demonstrated clear austenitic structure. The goal of the present work was to get a deformed object with well-defined history; so, flat irradiated specimens were subjected to 4-point bend tests [11] using a specially designed bend assembly for sub-sized specimens (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methods and Materials Investigatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-induced phase transformation at the surface of an AISI-304 stainless steel irradiated to 4.4dpa and deformed to 0.8% strain

Gussev

Field

Busby

2014

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Section: Methods and Materials Investigatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-induced phase transformation at the surface of an AISI-304 stainless steel irradiated to 4.4dpa and deformed to 0.8% strain

Gussev

Field

Busby

2014

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…Protons produced by a spallation source typically have energies in the order of 100 s of MeV, inducing displacement damage similar to the effects of neutrons. Such high kinetic energy has the advantage of through-thickness irradiation of bulk specimens, so can be analysed using standard mechanical testing methods [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . However, this approach suffers from the same limitations as neutron irradiation, in terms of poor displacement efficiency and high residual post irradiation activity.…”

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Novel Methods for Recording Stress-Strain Curves in Proton Irradiated Material

Smith

Garner

Lunt

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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proton irradiation is often used as a proxy for neutron irradiation but the irradiated layer is typically <50 μm deep; this presents a problem when trying to obtain mechanical test data as a function of irradiation level. two novel methodologies have been developed to record stress-strain curves for thin proton-irradiated surface layers of SA-508-4N ferritic steel. In the first case, in-situ loading experiments are carried out using a combination of X-ray diffraction and digital image correlation on the near surface region in order to measure stress and strain, thereby eliminating the influence of the non-irradiated volume. the second approach is to manufacture small-scale tensile specimens containing only the proton irradiated volume but approaching the smallest representative volume of the material. this is achieved by high-speed focused ion beam (fiB) milling though the application of a Xe + plasma-fiB (PFIB). It is demonstrated that both techniques are capable of recording the early stage of uniaxial flow behaviour of the irradiated material with sufficient accuracy providing a measure of irradiation-induced shift of yield strength, strain hardening and tensile strength.The limited penetration depth of proton irradiation makes measurement of mechanical properties difficult using established techniques 16,17 . Over the last decade, the use of Ga + focussed ion beam (FIB) instruments has allowed for the preparation of small scale samples from proton irradiated layers 18-23 . The mechanical properties of these samples are then tested using a MEMS chip or piezo-actuated test rig without contributions from the non-irradiated volume. This development has allowed studies to take advantage of the increased dose rates and to probe changes in properties previously only attainable using indentation testing [24][25][26][27][28] . However, milling rates are slow because for Ga + FIBs the useable milling currents are limited due to the point source of Ga + ions. Consequently, specimen diameters achievable in a practical time frame are limited to ~10 µm. For most engineering materials, the maximum achievable scale is therefore in the order of single to only a few grains. Hence, the technique is most applicable to single and bi-crystal investigations rather than representing the bulk response of polycrystalline specimens. It has been demonstrated that small scale specimens exhibit an increased hardening inversely proportional to specimen diameter [29][30][31][32][33] . In order to obtain a bulk response, specimens require a minimum length scale sufficient to overcome size reduction effects. The optimum specimen size would have the smallest representative volume (SRV), which would retain the benefits of scale reduction whilst exhibiting bulk behaviour 34 .Recent work by the authors has explored two techniques to increase the sampling volume in low energy proton irradiated samples prepared for mechanical testing 35,36 . The first, an adaptation of the technique outlined by Foecke et al. 37 , combines in-situ X-ray diffraction ...

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Chromium – Iron – Molybdenum

Kroupa

Landolt-Börnstein - Group IV Physical Chemistry

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IntroductionThe Cr-Fe-Mo system has been studied extensively. Both Cr and Mo are important elements used in steels, in the past and in the present days. Knowledge of the phase diagram of such a system is therefore of significant interest, especially now, when the number and amount of alloying elements in steels and other alloys is increasing, and intermetallic phases are playing a more important role. One of the earliest experimental studies was carried out by [1931Wev], who examined the α/γ region in this ternary system. This information was reviewed by [1949Jae], who published the phase diagram showing the α/γ loop in the Cr-Fe-Mo system. The first information about the ternary phase, τ 1 , was published by [1949And, 1951And], and the structure was correctly identified. [1950Put] studied the σ phase region in the ternary system. The first study of the complete ternary system was carried out by [1951Put]. They studied about 30 ternary alloys by thermal analysis in order to determine the melting temperatures in this system and established partial isothermal sections of the phase diagram. A second experimental study of the liquidus surface of the system was published by [1957Tak], who employed a similar experimental technique to that used by [1951Put]. Further experimental studies were published by [1950Duw, 1952Bue, 1953Koh, 1954Kas, 1954McM, 1957Age, 1957Bec, 1957Gol, 1962Gri, 1964Alf, 1966Kim, 1971Yam, 1976Kie, 1981Zha]. They studied mainly phase relations and properties of solid phases in the Cr-Fe-Mo system. The only study of thermodynamic properties of this system, namely the specific heat at low temperatures, was published by [1971Bau]. Nevertheless, great inconsistencies were found in the results of various works published before 1980. The first review of this system was presented by [1971Wes], who pointed out many discrepancies in the existing data, which were discussed in extensive reviews by [1984Ray, 1988Ray]. One problem was that different versions of the Fe-Mo binary phase diagram were available at different times, resulting in misinterpretation of intermediate phases found in the ternary system. Also, the identification of the ternary phases existing in this system was complicated because of uncertainties concerning the number of such phases, their stability regions and crystal structure. The lack of information available in the reviews [1984Ray, 1988Ray] prompted more recent experimental and theoretical studies to be carried out by several research groups. A comprehensive work was published by [1988And], who experimentally and theoretically studied the complete Cr-Fe-Mo system in the temperature range 950-1200°C. Further experimental works were published by [1986Liu, 1988Liu, 1989Liu, 1990Liu], who studied partial or complete isothermal sections at 850, 1050, 1100, 1180, 1200 and 1250°C. A short review of these studies has been given by [1994Rag]. The lattice parameter of the τ 1 phase was reported by [1990Ere]. Since then, no other systematic experimental study of this system has been publish...

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The high temperature three point bend testing of proton irradiated 316L stainless steel and Mod 9Cr–1Mo

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Strain-induced phase transformation at the surface of an AISI-304 stainless steel irradiated to 4.4dpa and deformed to 0.8% strain

Strain-induced phase transformation at the surface of an AISI-304 stainless steel irradiated to 4.4dpa and deformed to 0.8% strain

Novel Methods for Recording Stress-Strain Curves in Proton Irradiated Material

Chromium – Iron – Molybdenum

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